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首页> 外文期刊>Biological invasions >Recently established Crassostrea-reefs versus native Mytilus-beds: differences in ecosystem engineering affects the macrofaunal communities (Wadden Sea of Lower Saxony, southern German Bight)
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Recently established Crassostrea-reefs versus native Mytilus-beds: differences in ecosystem engineering affects the macrofaunal communities (Wadden Sea of Lower Saxony, southern German Bight)

机译：最近建立的Crassostrea礁与原生Mytilus层：生态工程的差异会影响大型动物群落（下萨克森州瓦登海，德国南部海岸线）

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摘要

Since 1998 the non-indigenous Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg 1793) has been invading the Wadden Sea of Lower Saxony, southern German Bight. C. gigas settles predominantly on intertidal Mytilus-beds (M. edulis L.) and subsequently create rigid reef-like structures. Both bivalve species are ecosystem engineers in sedimentary tidal flats. They provide hard substrate for sessile species, mobile organisms find refuge within the habitat matrix of dense suspension feeders, and biodeposits enrich the sediments with organic matter. The transformation of Mytilus-beds into Crassostrea-reefs gives rise to the question whether the invader may affect the native community. We investigated two parts of a changing bivalve bed in the backbarrier area of the island of Juist in March 2005. One part was still dominated by M. edulis whereas the other part was already densely colonized by C. gigas. Crassostrea-reefs compensate for the conceivable loss of Mytilus-beds in the intertidal of the Wadden Sea by replacing the ecological function of M. edulis. There was no indication of a suppression of indigenous species. This even applied to M. edulis, which persisted at the site invaded by C. gigas. The associated macrofaunal community showed increased species richness, abundance, biomass, and diversity in the Crassostrea-reef. The latter particularly favored sessile species like anthozoans, hydrozoans, and barnacles. Higher abundance and biomass for vagile epizoic species like the shore crab Carcinus maenas and the periwinkle Littorina littorea also occurred among oysters. Abundance of deposit feeding oligochaetes was enhanced by oysters as well. More opportunistic, facultative filter-feeding polychaetes occurred in the Crassostrea-reef.
机译：自1998年以来，非本土的太平洋牡蛎Crassostrea gigas（Thunberg，1793年）一直入侵德国南部海岸线下萨克森州的瓦登海。 C. gigas主要定居在潮间带Mytilus床（M. edulis L.）上，随后形成坚硬的礁石状结构。这两种双壳类都是沉积潮滩中的生态系统工程师。它们为无柄物种提供了坚硬的底物，流动的生物在密集的悬浮饲养者的栖息地基质中找到庇护所，生物沉积物使沉积物富含有机物。 Mytilus床向Crassostrea礁的转变引起了一个问题，即入侵者是否会影响当地社区。 2005年3月，我们在Juist岛后屏障地区调查了一个变化的双壳类动物床的两部分。其中一部分仍由可食蓝藻（M. edulis）主导，而另一部分已被C. gigas密集地定居。 Crassostrea礁通过替代可食的M. edulis的生态功能，补偿了Wadden海潮间带Mytilus床的可能损失。没有迹象表明有抑制土著物种的迹象。这甚至适用于可食的念珠菌（M. edulis），该菌持续存在于被C. gigas侵袭的部位。相关的大型动物群落显示了Crassostrea礁的物种丰富度，丰富度，生物量和多样性增加。后者特别喜欢无柄物种，如花虫，水生动物和藤壶。牡蛎中还出现了诸如虾蟹Carcinus maenas和长春花立陶宛立陶宛等易变的流行物种的丰富度和生物量。牡蛎也增加了沉积物喂养的寡足类动物的数量。 Crassostrea礁中出现了更多机会性，兼性的滤食性多毛cha。

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