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首页> 外文期刊>Biological Control: Theory and Application in Pest Management >The spatio-temporal relationships among aphids, the entomophthoran fungus, Pandora neoaphidis, and aphidophagous hoverflies in outdoor lettuce
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The spatio-temporal relationships among aphids, the entomophthoran fungus, Pandora neoaphidis, and aphidophagous hoverflies in outdoor lettuce

机译：室外生菜中蚜虫，食虫真菌，新潘多拉蚜虫和食蚜蚜之间的时空关系

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Worldwide, aphids are the key pests of lettuce, and they coexist with natural enemies in different guilds. In our study, the spatio-temporal patterns of aphids colonizing lettuce were assessed and compared with the distribution of an entomopathogenic fungus and hoverfly larvae during two spring lettuce growing seasons. Counts of aphid density, entomopathogenic fungal-infected aphids and hoverfly larvae present on lettuce plants were recorded and their spatial distribution analyzed using the Spatial Analysis by Distance IndicEs (SADIE) method to determine aggregation and association indices. Three aphid species (Nasonovia ribisnigri, Macrosiphum euphorbiae and Acyrtosiphon lactucae) colonize lettuce plants in early spring; however, their natural enemies arrive several weeks later. Pandora neoaphidis was the only fungus identified to cause aphid mortality, and Sphaerophoria scripta was the most abundant syrphid species preying on lettuce aphids. In both 2007 and 2008, the aphids followed ephemeral spatio-temporal dynamics at the field scale. The maximum aphid aggregation was concurrent with the highest aphid density and with the complete development of the rosette lettuce leaf-stage. P. neoaphidis-infected aphids showed more aggregation over time than hoverfly larvae. The maximum spatial structure was recorded for both natural enemy species close to the harvest date and at the time when the aphid populations were distributed at random. Significant spatial associations between P. neoaphidis and hoverfly larvae were only detected close to the time of harvest, which reduces the risk of intraguild predation between these two natural enemies of aphids at the field scale.
机译：在全球范围内，蚜虫是莴苣的主要害虫，它们与不同行会的天敌并存。在我们的研究中，评估了蚜虫在生菜上定居的时空模式，并将其与两个春季生菜生长季节的昆虫病原真菌和蚜蝇幼虫的分布进行了比较。记录生菜植物上存在的蚜虫密度，被昆虫病原性真菌感染的蚜虫和Hoverfly幼虫的计数，并使用基于距离指标的空间分析（SADIE）方法分析其空间分布，以确定聚集和关联指数。早春，三种蚜虫物种（Nasonovia ribisnigri，大白菜（Macrosiphum euphorbiae）和Acyrtosiphon lactucae）定居在莴苣植物上。然而，他们的天敌却在数周后到达。潘多拉新蚜虫是唯一被确定可导致蚜虫死亡的真菌，而食球菌是捕食生菜蚜虫的最丰富的蓝鳍鲷。在2007年和2008年，蚜虫在田间尺度上都遵循短暂的时空动态。最大的蚜虫聚集与最高的蚜虫密度同时发生，并伴随着莲座莴苣叶期的完全发育。随时间推移，新蚜虫感染的蚜虫比蚜蝇幼虫显示出更多的聚集。记录了接近收获日期和蚜虫种群随机分布时两种天敌物种的最大空间结构。仅在接近收获时间时才检测到新蚜虫和蚜蝇幼虫之间的重要空间联系，这降低了在田间尺度上这两个蚜虫天敌之间公会捕食的风险。

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