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首页> 外文期刊>Biological Journal of the Linnean Society >The generalism–specialism debate: the role of generalistsin the life and death of species
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The generalism–specialism debate: the role of generalistsin the life and death of species

机译：通才主义与专业主义之争：通才主义者在物种生死中的作用

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Specialisms on resources and for niches, leading to specialization, have been construed to be tantamount tospeciation and vice versa, while the occurrence of true generalism in nature has also been questioned. We arguethat generalism in resource use, biotope occupancy, and niche breadth not only exists, but also forms a crucial partin the evolution of specialists, representing a vital force in speciation and a more effective insurance againstextinction. We model the part played by generalism and specialism in speciation and illustrate how a balance maybe maintained between the number of specialists and generalists within taxa. The balance occurs as an ongoingcycle arising from turnover in the production of specialists and generalists, speciation, and species extinction. Thenature of the balance depends on the type of resources exploited, biotopes, and niche space occupied. These varybetween different regions and create taxonomic biases towards generalists or specialists. We envisage thatthe process may be sympatric/parapatric, although it is more likely initiated by allopatry driven by abiotic forces.
机译：关于资源和壁的专业，导致专业化，已经被解释为是物种形成，反之亦然，同时自然界中真正的通才主义的出现也受到质疑。我们认为，资源利用，生物群落占有率和利基宽度的普遍存在不仅存在，而且构成专家发展的关键部分，代表了物种形成的重要力量和更有效的灭绝保险。我们模拟了通才和专业在物种形成中所扮演的角色，并说明了如何在分类群内的专家和通才的数量之间保持平衡。平衡是由于专家和通才的生产，物种形成和物种灭绝的周转而产生的一个持续周期。平衡的性质取决于所开发资源的类型，生物群落和所占据的利基空间。这些在不同地区之间有所不同，并在分类学上偏向通才或专家。我们设想该过程可能是同伴/同父异伴的，尽管它很可能是由非生物力量驱动的异隐作用引起的。

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