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Metabolic regulation is important for spermatogenesis

机译:代谢调节对精子形成很重要

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Male factor infertility is increasing in developed countries, and several factors linked to lifestyle have been shown to negatively affect spermatogenesis. Sertoli cells are pivotal to spermatogenesis, providing nutritional support to germ cells throughout their development. Sertoli cells display atypical features in their cellular metabolism; they can metabolize various substrates, preferentially glucose, the majority of which is converted to lactate and not oxidized via the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Why Sertoli cells preferentially export lactate for germ cells is not entirely understood. However, lactate is utilized as the main energy substrate by developing germ cells and has an antiapoptotic effect on these cells. Several biochemical mechanisms contribute to the modulation of lactate secretion by Sertoli cells. These include the transport of glucose through the plasma membrane, mediated by glucose transporters; the interconversion of pyruvate to lactate by lactate dehydrogenase; and the release of lactate mediated by monocarboxylate transporters. Several factors that modulate Sertoli cell metabolism have been identified, including sex steroid hormones, which are crucial for maintenance of energy homeostasis, influencing the metabolic balance of the whole body. In fact, energy status is essential for normal reproductive function, since the reproductive axis has the capacity to respond to metabolic cues.
机译:在发达国家,男性不育症正在增加,与生活方式相关的几种因素已显示出对精子发生产生负面影响。睾丸支持细胞是精子发生的关键,在整个发育过程中为生殖细胞提供营养支持。睾丸支持细胞在细胞代谢中表现出非典型特征。它们可以代谢各种底物,尤其是葡萄糖,其中大多数会转化为乳酸,并且不会通过三羧酸循环被氧化。 Sertoli细胞为何优先将乳酸输出给生殖细胞,这一点尚未完全了解。然而,乳酸通过发育成生殖细胞而被用作主要的能量底物,并且对这些细胞具有抗凋亡作用。几种生化机制有助于Sertoli细胞调节乳酸分泌。这些包括由葡萄糖转运蛋白介导的葡萄糖通过质膜的转运;乳酸脱氢酶将丙酮酸转化为乳酸;和由单羧酸盐转运蛋白介导的乳酸的释放。已经确定了几种调节支持细胞代谢的因素,包括性类固醇激素,这对于维持能量稳态至关重要,影响整个人体的代谢平衡。实际上,能量状态对于正常的生殖功能至关重要,因为生殖轴具有对代谢线索的反应能力。

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