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首页> 外文期刊>Biological Journal of the Linnean Society >The role of size and colour pattern in protection of developmental stages of the red firebug (Pyrrhocoris apterus) against avian predators
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The role of size and colour pattern in protection of developmental stages of the red firebug (Pyrrhocoris apterus) against avian predators

机译：大小和颜色模式在保护红色萤火虫（Pyrrhocoris apterus）发育阶段免受鸟类天敌的作用

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摘要

We investigated how predator/prey body-size ratio and prey colour pattern affected efficacy of prey warning signals. We used great and blue tits (Parus major and Cyanistes caeruleus), comprising closely related and ecologically similar bird species differing in body size, as experimental predators. Two larval instars and adults of the unpalatable red firebug (Pyrrhocoris apterus), differing in body size and/or coloration, were used as prey. We showed that prey body size did not influence whether a predator attacked the prey or not during the first encounter. However, smaller prey were attacked, killed, and eaten more frequently in repetitive encounters. We assumed that body size influences the predator through the amount of repellent chemicals better than through the amount of optical warning signal. The larger predator attacked, killed and ate all forms of firebug more often than the smaller one. The difference between both predators was more pronounced in less protected forms of firebug (chemically as well as optically). Colour pattern also substantially affected the willingness of predators to attack the prey. Larval red-black coloration did not provide a full-value warning signal, although a similarly conspicuous red-black coloration of the adults reliably protected them.
机译：我们调查了捕食者/猎物的体型比和猎物颜色模式如何影响猎物警告信号的功效。我们使用大山雀和蓝山雀（Parus major和Cyanistes caeruleus）作为实验性捕食者，它们的体型大小各异，具有密切的联系和生态相似。两只幼虫和不宜吃的红色萤火虫（Pyrrhocoris apterus）的成虫，其体型和/或肤色不同，被用作猎物。我们证明了猎物的体型不会影响捕食者在初次见面时是否袭击了猎物。但是，较小的猎物在重复的相遇中被袭击，杀死并被更频繁地吃掉。我们认为，身体大小通过驱避化学物质的量对捕食者的影响要比通过光学警告信号的影响要大。大型捕食者比小型捕食者更经常地攻击，杀死和吃掉各种形式的萤火虫。两种捕食者之间的差异在萤火虫保护程度较低的形式（化学和光学）上更为明显。颜色图案也大大影响了捕食者攻击猎物的意愿。幼虫的红黑色着色没有提供完整的警告信号，尽管成年人的类似显着的红黑色着色确实保护了他们。

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