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首页> 外文期刊>Biological Control: Theory and Application in Pest Management >Assessment of germination and carnivorous activities of a nematode-trapping fungus Arthrobotrys dactyloides in fungistatic and fungicidal soil environment
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Assessment of germination and carnivorous activities of a nematode-trapping fungus Arthrobotrys dactyloides in fungistatic and fungicidal soil environment

机译：抑真菌和杀真菌土壤环境中捕线虫真菌节肢动物的触觉萌发和食肉活性的评估

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摘要

Carnivorism is the ability of nematode-trapping fungi to trap and digest the nematodes by sophisticated devices called traps. Delivery of nematode-trapping fungi in soil for bio-control of pest nematodes often fails or gives inconsistent results. Possible reasons for failure could be the effect of soil fungistasis on germination of nematode-trapping fungi in soil environment, use of avirulent species and sensitivity of these fungi to fungicidal residues in soil. Exploitation of nematode-trapping fungi for nematode control demands that it be compatible with fungicides applied in soil or crops and proliferate in soil. This investigation represents is one of the first to evaluate the effect of fungicides on the nematode-trapping fungus Arthrobotrys dactyloides. Arthrobotrys dactyloides showed in vitro carnivorous potential against Meloidogyne incognita, Meloidogyne javanica, Meloidogyne graminicola, Helicotylenchus dihystera and Heterodera cajani. Conidia of Arthrobotrys dactyloides exposed to agricultural soils showed poor germination but formed conidial traps, which captured and killed the soil nematodes. Conidial traps, which trapped the nematodes, grew well in all soils after killing and nutrient absorption from nematode body. Soil amended with 20 mg ai kg(-1) of carbendazimand thiram, 30 mg ai kg(-1) of mancozeb, 50 mg ai kg(-1) of captan, and 100 mg ai kg(-1) of carboxin completely checked the conidial trap formation and nematode capturing. 30, 50 and 100 mg ai kg(-1) of metalaxyl adversely affected the conidial trap formation and nematode capturing in soil. Propiconazole inhibited 15.2% conidial trap formation up to 50 mg ai kg(-1) but caused 93.3% inhibition of conidial traps formation and complete inhibition of nematode capturing at 100 mg ai kg(-1). Sulphur, triademefon, and tricyclazole showed least toxic effect on conidial trap formation and nematode capturing activities of Arthrobotrys dactyloides in soil up to 100 mg ai kg(-1). (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
机译：食肉是指捕获线虫的真菌通过称为陷阱的复杂装置捕获和消化线虫的能力。将捕获线虫的真菌递送到土壤中以对害虫线虫进行生物防治通常会失败或产生不一致的结果。失败的可能原因可能是土壤真菌对土壤环境中捕获线虫的真菌的发芽，无毒物种的使用以及这些真菌对土壤中杀真菌残留物的敏感性。开发用于捕杀线虫的杀线虫真菌要求其与土壤或农作物中使用的杀真菌剂相容并在土壤中繁殖。这项研究代表了第一个评估杀真菌剂对捕获线虫真菌节肢动物的拟小体的影响之一。关节假肢动物的拟食性显示出对食性根结线虫，爪哇根结线虫，重金属根结线虫，Helicotylenchus dihystera和Heterodera cajani的肉食性。暴露于农业土壤中的节肢动物的拟小孢子的分生孢子表现出较差的萌发能力，但形成了分生孢子陷阱，捕获并杀死了土壤线虫。捕获线虫的分生孢子陷阱在杀死并吸收了线虫体的养分后，在所有土壤中生长良好。用20 mg ai kg（-1）的多菌灵锡拉姆，30 mg ai kg（-1）的代森锰锌，50 mg ai kg（-1）的硫丹和100 mg ai kg（-1）的羧甲基修订的土壤分生孢子陷阱的形成和线虫的捕获。 30、50和100 mg ai kg（-1）的甲霜灵会对土壤中的分生孢子陷阱形成和线虫捕获产生不利影响。高达50 mg ai kg（-1）时，丙吡唑抑制15.2％的分生孢子陷阱形成，但在100 mg ai kg（-1）时，抑制了93.3％的分生孢子陷阱形成和线虫捕获的完全抑制。硫，triademefon和tricyclazole对最高100 mg ai kg（-1）的土壤中节肢动物的拟小体的分生孢子陷阱形成和线虫捕获活性的毒性作用最小。 （C）2014 Elsevier Inc.保留所有权利。

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