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首页> 外文期刊>Neurochemistry International: The International Journal for the Rapid Publication of Critical Reviews, Preliminary and Original Research Communications in Neurochemistry >Molecular mechanisms of microglial activation. A. Implications for regeneration and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Molecular mechanisms of microglial activation. A. Implications for regeneration and neurodegenerative diseases.

机译：小胶质细胞活化的分子机制。 A.对再生和神经退行性疾病的影响。

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摘要

Microglia are the resident immunocompetent cells of the brain, comparable to other tissue macrophages, e.g. Kupffer cells in the liver or Langerhans cells in the skin. In disease, however, the central nervous system appears to be a largely immunosuppressive environment, which previously led to the hypothesis that it is an "immunologically privileged" organ. Nevertheless, microglia can be activated by various internal and external stimuli, resulting in expression of cytokines and other mediators of inflammation. The molecular mechanisms converting those signals into specific microglial responses are a field of intensive research efforts. These have been performed both on cultured microglia and in vivo. Although the situation in vivo is sometimes difficult to interpret, considerable progress on the molecular level has been made using a number of excellent animal model systems combined with advanced detection techniques. Moreover, isolation and culture of microglia is becoming a standard method in an increasing number of laboratories, which allows a closer look at their reactions towards a variety of test substances. Both aspects have been covered in this paper. It turns out that microglia are extremely sensitive towards any kind of stimulus. They are probably the first cells in the brain "sensing" changes in the periphery, and the summarized data suggest that microglia may even react in a specific manner in response to a specific stimulus. Under the notion that not only multiple sclerosis, but also further chronic degenerative diseases of the brain, are based on a common autoimmune mechanism, better insights into microglial activation and its prolonged maintenance are of outstanding scientific interest.
机译：小胶质细胞是大脑的常驻免疫功能细胞，与其他组织巨噬细胞（例如肝中的枯否细胞或皮肤中的朗格汉斯细胞。然而，在疾病中，中枢神经系统似乎是一个主要的免疫抑制环境，这先前导致了一个假设，即它是“具有免疫学特权的”器官。然而，小胶质细胞可以被各种内部和外部刺激激活，导致细胞因子和其他炎症介质的表达。将那些信号转化为特定的小胶质细胞反应的分子机制是深入研究的领域。这些已在培养的小胶质细胞和体内进行。尽管体内的情况有时难以解释，但使用许多出色的动物模型系统与先进的检测技术相结合，在分子水平上已取得了相当大的进步。此外，小胶质细胞的分离和培养在越来越多的实验室中已成为一种标准方法，这使人们可以更仔细地观察它们对多种测试物质的反应。本文都涵盖了这两个方面。事实证明，小胶质细胞对任何刺激都极为敏感。它们可能是大脑中“感应”外围变化的第一批细胞，汇总数据表明小胶质细胞甚至可能以特定方式对特定刺激做出反应。考虑到不仅多发性硬化症而且脑部其他慢性退行性疾病均基于共同的自身免疫机制，因此对小胶质细胞活化及其长期维持的深入了解具有突出的科学意义。

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