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首页> 外文期刊>Neurochemistry International: The International Journal for the Rapid Publication of Critical Reviews, Preliminary and Original Research Communications in Neurochemistry >Mechanisms of glutamate release from astrocytes: gap junction hemichannels
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Mechanisms of glutamate release from astrocytes: gap junction hemichannels

机译：星形胶质细胞释放谷氨酸的机制：间隙连接半通道

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摘要

Neuronal exocytotic release of glutamate at synapses involves a highly specialized vesicular apparatus, consisting of a variety of proteins connected to the vesicles or required for vesicular fusion to the presynaptic membrane. Astrocytes also release glutamate, and recent evidence indicates that this release can modify neuronal function. Several mechanisms have been proposed for astrocytic release of glutamate under pathological conditions, such as reversal of glutamate transporters and opening of volume sensitive ion channels. In this review we limit our discussion to findings supporting the exocytotic release of glutamate, as well as two new pathways implicated in this release, the ionotropic (P2X) purinergic receptors and gap junction hemichannels.
机译：在突触中谷氨酸的神经元胞外释放涉及高度专门的囊泡装置，其由连接至囊泡或囊泡融合至突触前膜所需的多种蛋白质组成。星形胶质细胞也释放谷氨酸，最近的证据表明这种释放可以改变神经元功能。已经提出了在病理条件下谷氨酸星形细胞释放的几种机理，例如谷氨酸转运蛋白的逆转和体积敏感离子通道的打开。在这篇综述中，我们将讨论限制在支持谷氨酸的胞外释放以及与这种释放有关的两个新途径的离子型（P2X）嘌呤能受体和间隙连接半通道。

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