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Stereoselective effects of ketamine on dopamine, serotonin and noradrenaline release and uptake in rat brain slices.

机译:氯胺酮对大鼠脑片中多巴胺,5-羟色胺和去甲肾上腺素释放和摄取的立体选择性作用。

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摘要

Ketamine (2-(2-chlorophenyl)-(1-methylamino)-cyclohexanone) is a rapid-acting dissociative general anaesthetic whose hallucinogenic properties have made it a popular drug of abuse. Ketamine comprises two optical isomers, with differing pharmacology. In the present study, the effects of (+)- and (-)-ketamine on stimulated efflux and reuptake of dopamine (DA), noradrenaline (NA) and serotonin (5-HT) were compared in isolated superfused slices of the rat caudatoputamen (CPu), ventral bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BSTV) or dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN), respectively. Monoamine efflux was elicited by local electrical stimulation (20 pulses, 100 Hz trains) at tungsten microelectrodes and measured at adjacent carbon fibre microelectrodes using fast cyclic voltammetry (FCV). In CPu (+)-ketamine increased stimulated DA efflux and slowed DA reuptake in a concentration-dependent manner (25-200 microM). At 100 microM (+)-ketamine increased DA efflux by 109+/-20% (mean+/-S.E.M., n=13) of control values after 30min (P<0.001 versus control) and prolonged uptake half-time (t(1/2)) by 76+/-38% (n=9, P<0.001) of control. In contrast (-)-ketamine (100 microM) had no effect on DA efflux or uptake. In DRN, both isomers (100 microM) increased stimulated 5-HT efflux. (-)-Ketamine had a larger effect (P<0.001), an 88+/-15% increase in 5-HT efflux (n=9) versus 46+/-10% (n=8) for the (+)-isomer. The isomers had similar effects on 5-HT uptake, increasing t(1/2) by approximately 200%. No evidence of stereospecificity was seen in BSTV: both isomers had small effects (+)- and (-)-ketamine (100 microM) increasing NA efflux by 43+/-10% (n=7, P<0.001) and 29+/-8% (n=7, P<0.001), respectively. The isomers also had identical effects on NA uptake, each increasing uptake t(1/2) by approximately 100%. In summary, our data show that the optical isomers of ketamine have strikingly different stereospecificity for the monoamine systems and one might predict, therefore, a different psychotomimetic potential.
机译:氯胺酮(2-(2-氯苯基)-(1-甲基氨基)-环己酮)是一种速效解离性全身麻醉剂,其致幻作用使其成为一种流行的滥用药物。氯胺酮包含两种具有不同药理作用的旋光异构体。在本研究中,在分离的大鼠caudatoputamen超融合切片中比较了(+)-和(-)-氯胺酮对多巴胺(DA),去甲肾上腺素(NA)和5-羟色胺(5-HT)刺激外排和再摄取的影响(CPu),纹状体腹侧床核(BSTV)或背缝核(DRN)。在钨微电极上通过局部电刺激(20个脉冲,100 Hz列)引发单胺流出,并使用快速循环伏安法(FCV)在相邻的碳纤维微电极上进行测量。在CPu(+)-氯胺酮中,以浓度依赖性方式(25-200 microM)增加刺激的DA外排并减慢DA的再摄取。在30分钟后(P <0.001与对照相比),在100 microM(+)-氯胺酮使DA流出量比对照组增加109 +/- 20%(平均值+/- SEM,n = 13),并且半衰期延长(t(1 / 2))控制的76 +/- 38%(n = 9,P <0.001)。相反,(-)-氯胺酮(100 microM)对DA外排或摄取没有影响。在DRN中,两种异构体(100 microM)均可增加刺激的5-HT流出。 (-)-氯胺酮的作用更大(P <0.001),5-HT流出量增加88 +/- 15%(n = 9),而(+)释放的46 +/- 10%(n = 8) -异构体。这些异构体对5-HT的吸收具有相似的作用,将t(1/2)增加约200%。在BSTV中未发现立体特异性的证据:两种异构体均具有较小的作用(+)-和(-)-氯胺酮(100 microM),可将NA外排增加43 +/- 10%(n = 7,P <0.001)和29+ +/- 8%(n = 7,P <0.001)。异构体对NA的吸收也具有相同的作用,每种都使t(1/2)的吸收增加约100%。总而言之,我们的数据表明,氯胺酮的光学异构体对单胺系统具有显着不同的立体特异性,因此可以预测不同的拟精神病药物潜力。

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