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首页> 外文期刊>Neurochemistry International: The International Journal for the Rapid Publication of Critical Reviews, Preliminary and Original Research Communications in Neurochemistry >A novel glutaminase isoform in mammalian tissues.
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A novel glutaminase isoform in mammalian tissues.

机译：哺乳动物组织中的新型谷氨酰胺酶同工型。

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摘要

The synthesis of neurotransmitter glutamate in brain is mainly carried out by glutaminase enzymes. This synthesis must be exquisitely regulated because of its harmful potential giving rise to excitotoxic damage. It is noteworthy that two glutaminase isozymes coded by different genes are expressed in the brain of mammals. The need for two genes and two isozymes to support the single process of glutamate synthesis is unexplained, and identifying the role of each glutaminase is an important factor in understanding glutamate-mediated neurotransmission. Multiple transcripts for glutaminase genes and simultaneous expression of glutaminase isoforms have been reported in mammalian tissues and cells. The recent discovery of protein interacting partners widens the possibilities of regulatory mechanisms controlling these biosynthetic enzymes. The expression of distinct isozymes and binding partners may represent the biochemical and molecular basis to achieve fine-tuning control of glutamate synthesis in different cell types or developmental states. In this review, we will briefly summarize recent works on glutaminase proteins in mammals, with particular emphasis on brain studies. We present convergent evidence supporting the existence of a novel glutaminase isozyme in mammalian tissues.
机译：大脑中神经递质谷氨酸的合成主要由谷氨酰胺酶进行。由于该合成物可能引起兴奋性毒性损害，因此必须对其进行精细调节。值得注意的是，在哺乳动物的大脑中表达了由不同基因编码的两种谷氨酰胺酶同工酶。无法解释需要两种基因和两种同工酶来支持谷氨酸合成的单个过程，并且确定每种谷氨酰胺酶的作用是理解谷氨酸介导的神经传递的重要因素。已经在哺乳动物组织和细胞中报道了谷氨酰胺酶基因的多种转录本和谷氨酰胺酶同工型的同时表达。蛋白质相互作用伴侣的最新发现拓宽了控制这些生物合成酶的调控机制的可能性。不同同工酶和结合伴侣的表达可能代表了在不同细胞类型或发育状态下实现谷氨酸合成微调控制的生化和分子基础。在这篇综述中，我们将简要总结哺乳动物中谷氨酰胺酶蛋白的最新研究成果，特别是脑研究。我们目前提供的证据支持在哺乳动物组织中存在新型谷氨酰胺酶同工酶。

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