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Effects of environmental manipulations in genetically targeted animal models of affective disorders

机译:环境操纵对情感障碍的基因靶向动物模型的影响

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Mental illness is the leading cause of disability worldwide. We are only just beginning to reveal and comprehend the complex interaction that exists between the genetic makeup of an organism and the potential modifying effect of the environment in which it lives, and how this translates into mediating susceptibility to neurological and psychiatric conditions. The capacity to address this issue experimentally has been facilitated by the availability of rodent models which allow the precise manipulation of genetic and environmental factors. In this review, we discuss the valuable nature of animal models in furthering our understanding of the relationship between genetic and environmental factors in affective illnesses, such as anxiety and depressive disorders. We first highlight the behavioral impairments exhibited by genetically targeted animal models of affective disorders, and then provide a discussion of the underlying neurobiology, focusing on animal models that involve exposure to stress. This is followed by a review of recent studies that report of beneficial effects of environmental manipulations such as environmental enrichment and enhanced physical activity and discuss the likely mechanisms that mediate those benefits.
机译:精神疾病是全球残疾的主要原因。我们才刚刚开始揭示和理解生物体的基因组成与其生存环境的潜在修饰作用之间存在的复杂相互作用,以及这如何转化为介导对神经和精神疾病的易感性。啮齿动物模型的可用性促进了通过实验解决此问题的能力,该模型允许对遗传和环境因素进行精确处理。在这篇综述中,我们讨论了动物模型的宝贵性质,以进一步了解情感疾病(如焦虑症和抑郁症)中遗传因素与环境因素之间的关系。我们首先强调情感障碍的遗传靶向动物模型所表现出的行为障碍,然后提供对潜在神经生物学的讨论,重点是涉及暴露于压力的动物模型。接下来是对最近研究的回顾,该研究报告了环境操纵(如环境丰富和增强的体育活动)的有益影响,并讨论了介导这些益处的可能机制。

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