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Analysis of explosions and seismic phenomena based on electromagnetic cracking of piezoelectric and piezomagnetic plates

机译：基于压电板和压电板的电磁裂纹的爆炸和地震现象分析

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摘要

Electromagnetic emission caused by fracturing of piezoelectric and piezomagnetic crystals in plates and its application for remote sensing of explosions and natural seismic and volcanic phenomena were studied theoretically. The difference of emissionfrom piezoelectric and piezomagnetic plates in cases of explosions versus seismic and volcanic phenomena enables use of this analysis method for phenomenon identification. The analysis herein is based on a model of a plate of finite size with a uniformlymoving crack. It has been demonstrated that time-dependent mechanical stresses, which exist in the vicinity of the crack apex, are sources of an alternating electromagnetic field. The nonstationary mechanical stresses in the vicinity of the moving crackcause nonstationary polarization currents, which include both potential and vortical components in the case of a piezoelectric crystal but only the vortical component in the case of a piezomagnetic crystal. In both cases, it is possible to observe the nonstationary magnetic dipole which is the source of the excited magnetic field in the near zone. Such a dipole is created due to the motion of the crack apex and depends on the specific crystalline symmetry. Comparison of the two types of crystal (piezoelectric and piezomagnetic) shows that emission from the piezomagnetic crystal is more effective. A very important result is that it is possible to observe the difference between seismic and volcanic versus industrial phenomena through analysis of the unloading wave, which is absent in the case of industrial phenomena. This opens the possibility to identify the type of disaster and take the correct decision.
机译：理论上研究了板中压电晶体和压电晶体破裂引起的电磁辐射及其在爆炸，自然地震和火山现象遥感中的应用。在爆炸与地震和火山现象的情况下，压电板和压电板的发射差异使得可以使用这种分析方法来识别现象。本文的分析基于具有均匀运动裂纹的有限尺寸板的模型。已经证明存在于裂纹顶点附近的随时间变化的机械应力是交变电磁场的来源。运动裂纹附近的非平稳机械应力会引起非平稳极化电流，在压电晶体的情况下，该极化电流既包括电位分量又包括涡旋分量，而在压电晶体的情况下仅包括涡旋分量。在这两种情况下，都可以观察到非平稳磁偶极子，该偶极子是近区中激发磁场的源头。这种偶极子是由于裂纹顶点的运动而产生的，并且取决于特定的晶体对称性。两种类型的晶体（压电晶体和压电晶体）的比较表明，压电晶体的发射更为有效。一个非常重要的结果是，可以通过分析卸载波来观察地震和火山现象与工业现象之间的差异，而在工业现象中则没有这种现象。这样就可以识别灾难类型并做出正确的决定。

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