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Evaluation of swimmer-based rip current escape strategies

机译：评估基于游泳者的跳水逃逸策略

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Rip currents are the primary hazard on surf beaches, and early studies described them as fast, shore-normal flows that extended seaward of the surf zone. Based on this traditional view, commonly promoted safety advice was to escape a rip current by swimming parallel to the beach. However, recent studies have shown dominant rip current re-circulation within the surf zone and have endorsed floating as an appropriate escape strategy. Here, a first quantitative assessment of the efficacy of various rip current escape strategies, with a focus on the underlying physical processes, is presented. A field study was conducted at Shelly Beach, NSW, Australia, measuring three rip currents (two open beaches, one topographic) over 3 days in varying wave conditions. Floating was found to be a longer duration, more variable escape strategy ( = 3.8 min, sigma = 2.4 min), than swimming parallel ( = 2.2 min, sigma = 1.0 min). Neither of the scenarios is 100 % foolproof, and both fail in some scenarios, making simplified safety recommendations difficult. Swim parallel failures are related to swimming against the alongshore current of the rip circulation. Float failures related to surf zone exits, with the highest exit rate occurring in the topographic rip. Float failures also occurred due to multiple re-circulations without the person attaining safe footing on the bar. The variable spatial and temporal behaviour of rip currents suggests that a single escape strategy safety message is inappropriate. Instead, a combined approach and scenario-specific safety advice should be considered by beach safety practitioners to promote to the public.
机译：浪潮是冲浪海滩上的主要危害，早期研究将其描述为快速的，沿海岸常态流动，扩展了冲浪区的海面。基于这种传统观点，通常提倡的安全建议是通过平行于海滩游泳来逃避激流。然而，最近的研究表明，在海浪区域内主要的裂隙电流再循环，并认可漂浮作为一种适当的逃生策略。在这里，提出了对各种裂口电流逃逸策略功效的第一个定量评估，重点是潜在的物理过程。在澳大利亚新南威尔士州的Shelly Beach进行了现场研究，在3天的不同波浪条件下测量了3条裂隙电流（2个开放海滩，一个地形）。与平行游泳（= 2.2分钟，sigma = 1.0分钟）相比，浮动漂浮的持续时间更长，逃脱策略更多样化（= 3.8分钟，sigma = 2.4分钟）。这两种情况都不是100％可靠的，并且在某些情况下都不会通过，从而简化了安全建议。游泳平行故障与逆着河水环流的近岸游泳有关。与冲浪区出口相关的浮标破坏，其中最高的出口率发生在地形裂谷中。浮球故障也由于多次再循环而发生，而此人没有在杠铃上获得安全的立足点。裂隙电流的时空变化表明单条逃生策略的安全信息是不合适的。取而代之的是，海滩安全从业人员应考虑采用综合方法和针对特定场景的安全建议，以向公众宣传。

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