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Avalanche fatalities in the western United States: a comparison of three databases

机译：美国西部的雪崩死亡人数：三个数据库的比较

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摘要

Reported avalanche fatalities in the United States increased markedly through the latter half of the twentieth century, a result of the increasing popularity of winter sports. Despite this increase, the literature concerning US avalanche fatalities issparse. This paper presents a comparison of three US databases containing avalanche fatality information: Storm Data, the West Wide Avalanche Network (WWAN) dataset, and the National Avalanche Database (NAD). The frequency of avalanche fatalities, theirtemporal trends, spatial distributions, and the demographic characteristics of the victims were analyzed in each database for the years 1998-2009 for the US mountainous west. The data were then pooled to arrive at an estimate of avalanche fatality frequency in the United States for the study period. While the results indicate a considerable amount of overlap between the datasets, Storm Data reports fewer avalanche fatalities than both the WW AN and NAD datasets. All three datasets report a maximum of fatalities in January and display three spatial maxima: the Rocky Mountains of west-central Colorado, the intermountain region from central Utah through Idaho to west-central Montana, and the northern Cascade Ranges of Washington; however, a large void appears in the Storm Data records in the vicinity of the Montana maximum. These maxima result from a juxtaposition of avalanche hazard in these mountainous environments with a high concentration of winter sports activities.
机译：在20世纪下半叶，美国报告的雪崩致死人数显着增加，这是冬季运动日益普及的结果。尽管有这种增加，有关美国雪崩死亡人数的文献仍然很少。本文对包含雪崩死亡信息的三个美国数据库进行了比较：风暴数据，西部雪崩网络（WWAN）数据集和国家雪崩数据库（NAD）。在1998-2009年美国西部山区的每个数据库中，均分析了雪崩死亡的频率，他们的时空趋势，空间分布以及受害者的人口统计学特征。然后汇总数据以得出研究期间美国雪崩死亡率的估计值。尽管结果表明数据集之间存在大量重叠，但Storm Data报告的雪崩死亡人数少于WW AN和NAD数据集。这三个数据集都报告了1月份的死亡人数最大值，并显示了三个空间最大值：科罗拉多州中西部的落基山脉，从犹他州中部到爱达荷州到蒙大拿州中西部的山际区域以及华盛顿州的北部喀斯喀特山脉;但是，风暴数据记录中在蒙大拿州最大值附近出现了一个很大的空白。这些最大值是由于在这些山区环境中雪崩灾害并发，冬季运动活动高度集中而产生的。

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