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Sedimentological and C-14 dating studies of past tsunami events in Southern Sri Lanka

机译：斯里兰卡南部过去海啸事件的沉积学和C-14年代研究

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After the 2004 Sumatra-Andaman tsunamigenic earthquake, waters from the ocean moved upstream along rivers, bays, harbors, and lagoons and inundated many coastal and inland locations in the southern, eastern, and northern parts of Sri Lanka. The tsunami waters were observed to move upwards inland and then recede downwards to the ocean after varying inundation periods in different coastal areas. Subsequent massive tsunami waves came with the wave height varying from 3 to 8 m inland with speed of about 30-40 kmph. The oceanic waves carrying heterogeneous sediments with water deposited them in coastal as well as inland locations about 1 km from the present coastline. Given the chaotic nature of tsunami oceanic waves, pre-tsunami deposits, such as beach sands, debris from coral reefs and buildings, parts of vehicles and ships, and tree trunks are found incorporated in authentic tsunami sediments. Thus, the texture, structure, and composition of sediments deposited by tsunami waters differed from one location to another. Therefore, in identifying paleo-tsunami sediments, care was taken to compare them with diagnostic unmixed uncontaminated recent tsunami sediments having characteristic textures and marine microfossil assemblages, such as foraminifera, radiolarians, and diatoms where preserved in coastal depressions. The radiocarbon ages of the carbonate and the organic fractions of these sediments are stratigraphically inconsistent, indicating mixing of sediments by the tsunami waves. The concentrations of organic carbon and nitrogen and their isotopic signatures confirm marine origin of these sediments.
机译：2004年苏门答腊-安达曼海啸发生后，海洋中的水沿着河流，海湾，港口和泻湖向上游移动，并淹没了斯里兰卡南部，东部和北部的许多沿海和内陆地区。观察到海啸水在不同的沿海地区经历了不同的淹没期后，会向内陆上升，然后向海后退。随后发生的巨大海啸波，内陆波高从3到8 m不等，速度约为30-40 kmph。携带非均质沉积物和水的海浪将它们沉积在距目前海岸线约1公里的沿海和内陆地区。鉴于海啸海浪的混乱性质，海啸发生前的沉积物，例如沙滩沙，来自珊瑚礁和建筑物的碎屑，部分车辆和轮船以及树干，被发现藏在真实的海啸沉积物中。因此，海啸水所沉积的沉积物的质地，结构和组成因一个地点而异。因此，在识别古海啸沉积物时，要小心地将它们与具有特征性质地和海洋微化石组合（例如有孔虫，放射虫和硅藻）的诊断性未混合，未污染的近期海啸沉积物进行比较，这些沉积物保存在沿海洼地中。碳酸盐的放射性碳年龄和这些沉积物的有机组分在地层上不一致，表明海啸波使沉积物混合在一起。有机碳和氮的浓度及其同位素特征证实了这些沉积物的海洋起源。

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