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Review: The long-term consequences of microglial activation following acute traumatic brain injury

机译:综述:急性脑外伤后小胶质细胞活化的长期后果

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摘要

The brain is vulnerable to a number of acute insults, with traumatic brain injury being among the commonest. Neuroinflammation is a common response to acute injury and microglial activation is a key component of the inflammatory response. In the acute and subacute phase it is likely that this response is protective and forms an important part of the normal tissue reaction. However, there is considerable literature demonstrating an association between acute traumatic brain injury to the brain and subsequent cognitive decline. This article will review the epidemiological literature relating to both single and repetitive head injury. It will focus on the neuropathological features associated with long-term complications of a single blunt force head injury, repetitive head injury and blast head injury, with particular reference to chronic traumatic encephalopathy, including dementia pugilistica. Neuroinflammation has been postulated as a key mechanism linking acute traumatic brain injury with subsequent neurodegenerative disease, and this review will consider the response to injury in the acute phase and how this may be detrimental in the longer term, and discuss potential genetic factors which may influence this cellular response. Finally, this article will consider future directions for research and potential future therapies.
机译:大脑容易受到多种急性伤害,其中脑外伤最为常见。神经炎症是对急性损伤的常见反应,小胶质细胞活化是炎症反应的关键组成部分。在急性和亚急性期,这种反应很可能是保护性的,并构成正常组织反应的重要组成部分。但是,有大量文献证明了急性外伤性脑损伤与随后的认知能力下降之间存在关联。本文将回顾与单发和重复性颅脑损伤有关的流行病学文献。它将着重于与单发钝头颅脑损伤,重复性颅脑损伤和爆炸性颅脑损伤的长期并发症相关的神经病理学特征,特别是涉及慢性创伤性脑病,包括普吉斯痴呆症。假定神经炎症是将急性创伤性脑损伤与随后的神经退行性疾病联系起来的关键机制,该综述将考虑急性期对损伤的反应以及从长远来看对损伤的影响,并讨论可能影响遗传的潜在遗传因素。这种细胞反应。最后,本文将考虑未来的研究方向和潜在的未来疗法。

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