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Description and analysis of the debris flows occurred during 2008 in the Eastern Pyrenees

机译：描述和分析2008年东部比利牛斯山脉的泥石流

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Rainfall-triggered landslides taking place in the Spanish Eastern Pyrenees have usually been analysed on a regional scale. Most research focussed either on terrain susceptibility or on the characteristics of the critical rainfall, neglecting a detailed analysis of individual events. In contrast to other mountainous regions, research on debris flow has only been performed marginally and associated hazard has mostly been neglected. In this study, five debris flows, which occurred in 2008, are selected; and site specific descriptions and analysis regarding geology, morphology, rainfall data and runout were performed. The results are compared with worldwide data and some conclusions on hazard assessment are presented. The five events can be divided into two in-channel debris flows and three landslide-triggered debris flows. The in-channel generated debris flows exceeded 10 000 m~3, which are unusually large mass movements compared to historic events which occurred in the Eastern Pyrenees. In contrast, the other events mobilised total volumes less than 2000 m~3. The geomorphologic analysis showed that the studied events emphasize similar patterns when compared to published data focussing on slope angle in the initiation zone or catchment area. Rainfall data revealed that all debris flows were triggered by high intensity-short duration rainstorms during the summer season. Unfortunately, existing rainfall thresholds in the Eastern Pyrenees consider long-lasting rainfall, usually occurring in autumn/winter. Therefore, new thresholds should be established taking into account the rainfall peak intensity in mm/h, which seems to be a much more relevant factor for summer than the event's total precipitation. The runout analysis of the 2008 debris flows confirms the trend that larger volumes generally induce higher mobility. The numerical simulation of the Riu Runer event shows that its dynamic behaviour is well represented by Voellmy fluid rheology. A maximum front velocity of 7 m/s was back-analysed for the transit section and even on the fan velocities larger than 2 m/s were obtained. This preliminary analysis of the major Eastern Pyrenean debris flows represents the first background for future studies. Additional research on other events is necessary to support the results presented herein, and to properly assess and reduce hazard related to debris flows.
机译：通常在区域范围内对西班牙东部比利牛斯山脉发生的降雨触发的滑坡进行了分析。大多数研究都集中在地形敏感性或临界降雨的特征上，而忽略了对单个事件的详细分析。与其他山区相比，对泥石流的研究仅进行了少量的研究，而相关的危害却被忽略了。在这项研究中，选择了2008年发生的五种泥石流;并进行了有关地质，形态，降雨数据和跳动的现场特定描述和分析。将结果与全球数据进行比较，并提出了一些危害评估的结论。这五个事件可以分为两个通道内泥石流和三个滑坡触发的泥石流。河道内产生的泥石流超过10000 m〜3，与东比利牛斯山脉发生的历史事件相比，这是异常大的质量运动。相反，其他事件动员的总体积小于2000 m〜3。地貌分析表明，与重点关注始发区或集水区的倾斜角的已发表数据相比，研究事件强调了相似的模式。降雨数据显示，所有泥石流都是由夏季高强度短时暴雨触发的。不幸的是，东比利牛斯山脉现有的降雨阈值考虑了长期降雨，通常发生在秋季/冬季。因此，应考虑降雨峰值强度（mm / h）来确定新的阈值，这似乎是夏季比事件总降水量更重要的因素。对2008年泥石流的跳动分析证实了这样一种趋势，即更大的体积通常会引起更高的流动性。 Riu Runer事件的数值模拟表明，Voellmy流体流变学很好地表现了其动力学行为。对过渡段的最大前向速度进行了7 m / s的反分析，甚至在风扇速度大于2 m / s时也是如此。对主要东部比利牛斯山泥石流的初步分析代表了未来研究的第一个背景。为了支持本文介绍的结果，并适当评估和减少与泥石流有关的危害，必须对其他事件进行其他研究。

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