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Modeling propagation and inundation of the 11 March 2011 Tohoku tsunami

机译：模拟2011年3月11日东北海啸的传播和淹没

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On 11 March 2011 the Tohoku tsunami devastated the east coast of Japan, claiming thousands of casualties and destroying coastal settlements and infrastructure. In this paper tsunami generation, propagation, and inundation are modeled to hindcast the event. Earthquake source models with heterogeneous slips are developed in order to match tsunami observations, including a best fit initial sea surface elevation with water levels up to 8 m. Tsunami simulations were compared to buoys in the Pacific, showing good agreement. In the far field the frequency dispersion provided a significant reduction even for the leading wave. Furthermore, inundation simulations were performed for ten different study areas. The results compared well with run-up measurements available and trim lines derived from satellite images, but with some overestimation of the modeled surface elevation in the northern part of the Sanriku coast. For inundation modeling this work aimed at using freely available, medium-resolution data for topography, bottom friction, and bathymetry, which are easily accessible in the framework of a rapid assessment. Although these data come along with some inaccuracies, the results of the tsunami simulations suggest that their use is feasible for application in rapid tsunami hazard assessments. A heterogeneous source model is essential to simulate the observed distribution of the run-up correctly, though.
机译：2011年3月11日，东北海啸摧毁了日本东海岸，造成数千人伤亡，破坏了沿海定居点和基础设施。在本文中，对海啸的产生，传播和淹没进行了建模以对事件进行后预报。为了匹配海啸的观测结果，开发了具有非均质滑动的震源模型，包括最合适的初始海平面高程，最高水位为8 m。将海啸模拟与太平洋的浮标进行了比较，显示出良好的一致性。在远场中，即使对于前导波，频率色散也显着降低。此外，针对十个不同的研究区域进行了淹没模拟。结果与可用的前期测量结果和卫星图像得出的修剪线进行了很好的比较，但与Sanriku海岸北部的模拟地表高程有些高估了。对于淹没建模，这项工作旨在使用可免费获得的中分辨率数据进行地形，底部摩擦和测深，这些数据可以在快速评估的框架内轻松访问。尽管这些数据存在一些误差，但海啸模拟的结果表明，将其用于快速的海啸危害评估是可行的。但是，异构源模型对于正确地模拟观察到的运行分布至关重要。

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