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Evaluation of flood hazard maps in print and web mapping services as information tools in flood risk communication

机译：在印刷和网络制图服务中评估洪水灾害图，作为洪水风险交流中的信息工具

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Flood risk communication with the general public and the population at risk is getting increasingly important for flood risk management, especially as a precautionary measure. This is also underlined by the EU Flood Directive. The flood related authorities therefore have to develop adjusted information tools which meet the demands of different user groups. This article presents the formative evaluation of flood hazard maps and web mapping services according to the specific requirements and needs of the general public using the dynamic-transactional approach as a theoretical framework. The evaluation was done by a mixture of different methods; an analysis of existing tools, a creative workshop with experts and laymen and an online survey. The currently existing flood hazard maps or web mapping services or web GIS still lack a good balance between simplicity and complexity with adequate readability and usability for the public. Well designed and associative maps (e.g. using blue colours for water depths) which can be compared with past local flood events and which can create empathy in viewers, can help to raise awareness, to heighten the activity and knowledge level or can lead to further information seeking. Concerning web mapping services, a linkage between general flood information like flood extents of different scenarios and corresponding water depths and real time information like gauge levels is an important demand by users. Gauge levels of these scenarios are easier to understand than the scientifically correct return periods or annualities. The recently developed Bavarian web mapping service tries to integrate these requirements.
机译：与公众和处于风险中的人群的洪水风险沟通对于洪水风险管理越来越重要，尤其是作为预防措施。欧盟洪水指令也强调了这一点。因此，与洪水有关的当局必须开发调整后的信息工具，以满足不同用户群体的需求。本文根据动态交易方法作为理论框架，根据公众的特定要求和需求，提出了洪水灾害地图和网络地图服务的形成性评估。评估是通过多种方法进行的。对现有工具的分析，由专家和外行组成的创意研讨会以及在线调查。当前现有的洪水灾害地图或Web制图服务或Web GIS在简单性和复杂性以及对公众的充分可读性和可用性之间仍然缺乏良好的平衡。精心设计和关联的地图（例如，使用蓝色表示水深），可以与过去的局部洪水事件进行比较，并且可以在观众中引起共鸣，可以帮助提高意识，提高活动和知识水平或可以获取更多信息寻找。对于网络制图服务，用户的一项重要需求是将常规洪水信息（如不同场景的洪水范围和相应的水深）与实时信息（如仪表水位）之间的链接联系在一起。与科学上正确的回报期或年率相比，这些情况的量表更容易理解。最近开发的巴伐利亚网络地图服务试图整合这些要求。

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