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首页> 外文期刊>Neuron >What is the role of astrocyte calcium in neurophysiology?
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What is the role of astrocyte calcium in neurophysiology?

机译：星形胶质细胞钙在神经生理学中起什么作用？

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摘要

Astrocytes comprise approximately half of the volume of the adult mammalian brain and are the primary neuronal structural and trophic supportive elements. Astrocytes are organized into distinct nonoverlapping domains and extend elaborate and dense fine processes that interact intimately with synapses and cerebrovasculature. The recognition in the mid 1990s that astrocytes undergo elevations in intracellular calcium concentration following activation of G protein-coupled receptors by synaptically released neurotransmitters demonstrated not only that astrocytes display a form of excitability but also that astrocytes may be active participants in brain information processing. The roles that astrocytic calcium elevations play in neurophysiology and especially in modulation of neuronal activity have been intensely researched in recent years. This review will summarize the current understanding of the function of astrocytic calcium signaling in neurophysiological processes and discuss areas where the role ofastrocytes remains controversial and will therefore benefit from further study.
机译：星形胶质细胞约占成年哺乳动物脑体积的一半，是主要的神经元结构和营养支持元件。星形胶质细胞被组织成不同的非重叠结构域，并延伸与突触和脑血管系统紧密相互作用的精细且密集的精细过程。在1990年代中期，人们认识到星形胶质细胞通过突触释放的神经递质激活G蛋白偶联受体后，细胞内钙浓度升高，这不仅表明星形胶质细胞表现出某种形式的兴奋性，而且表明星形胶质细胞可能是大脑信息处理的积极参与者。近年来，星形胶质细胞钙升高在神经生理学中，特别是在调节神经元活动中所起的作用已得到深入研究。这篇综述将总结目前对星形细胞钙信号在神经生理过程中的功能的理解，并讨论星形细胞的作用仍存在争议的领域，因此将从进一步的研究中受益。

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