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The phosphatase PP4c controls spindle orientation to maintain proliferative symmetric divisions in the developing neocortex

机译:磷酸酶PP4c控制纺锤体的方向,以维持发育中的新皮层的增殖性对称分裂

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摘要

In the developing neocortex, progenitor cells expand through symmetric division before they generate cortical neurons through multiple rounds of asymmetric cell division. Here, we show that the orientation of the mitotic spindle plays a crucial role in regulating the transition between those two division modes. We demonstrate that the protein phosphatase PP4c regulates spindle orientation in early cortical progenitor cells. Upon removing PP4c, mitotic spindles fail to orient in parallel to the neuroepithelial surface and progenitors divide with random orientation. As a result, their divisions become asymmetric and neurogenesis starts prematurely. Biochemical and genetic experiments show that PP4c acts by dephosphorylating the microtubule binding protein Ndel1, thereby enabling complex formation with Lis1 to form a functional spindle orientation complex. Our results identify a key regulator of cortical development and demonstrate that changes in the orientationofprogenitor division are responsible for the transition between symmetric and asymmetric cell division.
机译:在发育中的新皮层中,祖细胞通过对称分裂扩展,然后它们通过多轮不对称细胞分裂产生皮质神经元。在这里,我们表明有丝分裂纺锤体的方向在调节这两个分裂模式之间的过渡中起着至关重要的作用。我们证明蛋白质磷酸酶PP4c调节早期皮质祖细胞中纺锤体的方向。去除PP4c后,有丝分裂纺锤体无法平行于神经上皮表面定向,并且祖细胞以随机定向分裂。结果,它们的分裂变得不对称并且神经发生过早开始。生化和遗传实验表明,PP4c通过使微管结合蛋白Ndel1磷酸化而起作用,从而使与Lis1形成复合物从而形成功能性的纺锤体定向复合物。我们的研究结果确定了皮质发育的关键调节器,并证明祖细胞分裂方向的变化是造成对称和不对称细胞分裂之间过渡的原因。

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