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首页> 外文期刊>Biological Journal of the Linnean Society >Evolving detente: the origin of warning signals via concurrent reciprocal selection
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Evolving detente: the origin of warning signals via concurrent reciprocal selection

机译：发展中的棘爪：通过同时进行的相互选择来发出警告信号

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摘要

Casualties and impediments inflicted on consumers by defended prey, and vice versa, may be averted by vocalizations, postures, coloration, scents, and other warning, or so-called aposematic, displays. The existence of aposematic signals has challenged biologists who have sought plausible mechanisms for their evolution. Here, we elaborate on the rationale for the hypothesis that aposematic signals arise via concurrent reciprocal selection (CRS) enacted between inimical signal receivers and signal emitters, where signal emitters, e.g., defended prey, select against non-discriminating signal receivers, e.g., predators, and signal receivers select against unrecognized signal emitters. It is postulated that this mutual selective interaction culminates in the survival of discriminating signal receivers that avoid signal emitters, and recognized (distinctive) signal emitters that are avoided by signal receivers. A CRS hypothesis for the evolution of aposematism, therefore, maintains that distinctive features of prey arise in response to selection imposed by consumers, and that avoidances of those features by consumers arise in response to selection imposed by defended prey. We discuss the plausible inception of aposematism via CRS in light of related hypotheses, and describe points of concordance with previous observations and suggestions on the origin of aposematism. Aposematism arising via CRS is not contingent upon the relatedness of signallers, aversions acquired by learning, or other conditions postulated for some other evolutionary hypotheses. CRS is a credible alternative hypothesis for the evolution of warning signals in diverse consumer-prey interactions.
机译：防御性猎物对消费者造成的伤亡和障碍，反之亦然，可以通过发声，摆姿势，肤色，气味和其他警告或所谓的“客气”展示来避免。姿势信号的存在已经挑战了生物学家，生物学家寻求合理的进化机制。在此，我们详细阐述了以下假设的基本原理：通过在有害信号接收器和信号发射器之间实施的并发倒数选择（CRS）来产生无定形信号，其中信号发射器（例如防御对象）选择针对非歧视性信号接收器（例如掠食者） ，并且信号接收器会针对无法识别的信号发射器进行选择。假定这种相互选择性的交互作用最终导致了区分信号接收器（避免信号发射器）和已识别（独特）信号发射器（信号接收器避免了）的生存。因此，CRS假说的进化论观点认为，猎物的独特特征是响应于消费者强加的选择而产生的，而消费者对这些特征的回避是响应于防御性猎物所施加的选择而产生的。我们根据相关的假设讨论了通过CRS进行的放任主义的可能成立，并描述了与先前关于放任主义起源的观察和建议相一致的观点。通过CRS引起的放任主义并不取决于信号传递者的相关性，通过学习获得的厌恶或为某些其他进化假设所假定的其他条件。 CRS是在各种消费者与猎物互动中警告信号演变的可靠替代假设。

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