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首页> 外文期刊>Biological Journal of the Linnean Society >The dynamics of coexistence: habitat sharing versus segregation patterns among three sympatric montane vipers
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The dynamics of coexistence: habitat sharing versus segregation patterns among three sympatric montane vipers

机译：共存的动态：三只同伴山地vi蛇之间的栖息地共享与隔离模式

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Contact zones of closely related and ecologically similar species constitute rare opportunities to study the evolutionary consequences of past speciation processes. They represent natural laboratories in which strong competition could lead to the exclusion of one species, or the various species may switch into distinct ecological niches. Alternatively, if reproductive isolation has not yet been achieved, they may hybridize. We elucidate the degree of taxon integrity by comparing genetics and habitat use of three similar-sized congeneric viper species, Vipera ammodytes, Viperaaspis, and Viperaberus, of Nadiza Valley in western Slovenia. No hybridization was detected for either mitochondrial or nuclear genomes. Similarly, external intermediacy by a single prestudy viper (probably V.ammodytesxV. aspis) indicates that hybridization occasionally occurs, but should be very rare. Populations of the three related viperids are partially allopatric in Nadiza Valley, but they also coexist in a narrow contact zone in the montane grassland along the south-exposed slope of Mount Stol (1673m a.s.l.). Here, the three species that occupy areas in or near patches of rocky microhabitats (e.g. stone piles, slides, and walls) live in syntopy. However, fine-scale measurements of structural components show partial habitat segregation, in which V.berus becomes more dominant at elevations above 1400m and occupies mostly the mountain ridge and north-exposed slopes of Mount Stol, V.aspis occurs below 1300m and is the only species to inhabit stoneless patches of grass and bushes around 1000m and lower, and V.ammodytes occurs at all elevations up to 1500m, but is restricted to a rocky microhabitat. We suggest that a high degree of microstructure divergence, slightly different environmental niches, and a generally favourable habitat for all three viper species, keep the pressure for mis-mating and hybridization low, although mechanisms such as reduced hybrid inferiority and temporal mating segregation cannot yet be excluded.
机译：密切相关且生态相似的物种的接触区为研究过去物种形成过程的进化结果提供了难得的机会。它们代表了自然实验室，在这些实验室中，激烈的竞争可能导致一种物种的排斥，或者各种物种可能转变为不同的生态位。或者，如果尚未实现生殖隔离，则它们可以杂交。我们通过比较斯洛文尼亚西部纳迪扎山谷的三个相似大小的同类vi蛇物种（Vi蛇形mm 、,蛇和Vi蛇）的遗传学和栖息地使用，阐明了分类群的完整性程度。线粒体或核基因组均未检测到杂交。同样，单个研究性毒蛇（可能是V.ammodytesxV。aspis）的外部中介作用表明偶尔会发生杂交，但这种杂交非常罕见。在纳迪萨山谷中，这三种相关的类固醇的种群部分是异特异的，但它们也共存于山上草地的狭窄接触区中，沿着斯托尔山（Mount Stol）（1673m a.s.l.）向南暴露。在这里，三个居住在岩石微生境斑块之内或附近的物种（例如石堆，滑梯和墙壁）生活在对立中。然而，对结构成分的精细测量显示出部分栖息地隔离，其中V.berus在1400m以上的海拔上变得更加占优势，并且主要占据了Mount Stol的山脊和向北暴露的山坡，V.aspis发生在1300m以下，并且是只有物种能够栖息在1000m以下的无石的草丛和灌木丛中，沙门氏菌（V.ammodytes）出现在1500m以下的所有海拔高度，但仅限于岩石微生境。我们建议，尽管尚不能减少杂种自卑和暂时交配隔离等机制，但高度的微观结构差异，环境生态位稍有不同以及这三种vi蛇物种的总体栖息地总体而言都较低，这使误配和杂交的压力保持较低。被排除在外。

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