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首页> 外文期刊>Neuropsychologia >Counterfactuals in action: An fMRI study of counterfactual sentences describing physical effort
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Counterfactuals in action: An fMRI study of counterfactual sentences describing physical effort

机译：反事实在起作用：描述身体努力的反事实句子的fMRI研究

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Counterfactual statements such as if Mary had cleaned the room, she would have moved the sofa convey both actual and hypothetical actions, namely, that Mary did not clean the room or move the sofa, but she would have done so in some possible past situation. Such statements are ubiquitous in daily life and are involved in critical cognitive activities like decision-making and evaluation of alternative outcomes. Here, we investigate the brain mechanisms and the nature of the semantic representations involved in understanding the complex meaning of counterfactual statements. We used fMRI to examine brain responses to counterfactual statements describing actions of high and low physical effort and compared them to similar factual statements describing the same actions. Results indicated that the inferior parietal lobule, known to support planning of object-directed actions, responded more strongly to high-effort than low-effort statements. Moreover, counterfactual statements, compared to factual ones, recruited a distinctive neural network partially overlapping with action execution networks. This network included medial pre-motor and pre-frontal structures, which underpin selection and inhibition of alternative action representations, and parahippocampal and temporal regions, involved in retrieving episodic memories. We argue that counterfactual comprehension recruit action-related networks encoding and managing alternative representations of behaviors.
机译：反事实陈述，例如玛丽是否打扫房间，她会移动沙发来传达实际和假设的行动，也就是说，玛丽不会打扫房间或移动沙发，但在过去可能的情况下，她会这样做。这种陈述在日常生活中无处不在，并参与重要的认知活动，例如决策和其他结果的评估。在这里，我们研究了大脑机制以及理解反事实陈述的复杂含义所涉及的语义表示的性质。我们使用功能磁共振成像检查了大脑对描述高强度和低强度动作的反事实陈述的反应，并将它们与描述相同动作的相似事实陈述进行了比较。结果表明，下顶叶小叶对支持高强度目标的反应比低强度陈述更强烈。此外，与事实陈述相比，反事实陈述募集了一个与动作执行网络部分重叠的独特神经网络。该网络包括内侧前运动和前额叶结构，它们支持选择和抑制替代性动作表征，以及海马旁和颞区，参与发作性记忆的恢复。我们认为反事实理解会招募与行为相关的网络，这些网络对行为进行编码和管理。

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