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Exploring the content and quality of episodic future simulations in semantic dementia

机译：探索语义痴呆中未来情景模拟的内容和质量

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Semantic dementia (SD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterised by the amodal loss of semantic knowledge in the context of relatively preserved recent episodic memory. Recent studies have demonstrated that despite relatively intact episodic memory the capacity for future simulation in SD is profoundly impaired, resulting in an asymmetric profile where past retrieval is significantly better than future simulation (referred to as a past>future effect). Here, we sought to identify the origins of this asymmetric profile by conducting a fine-grained analysis of the contextual details provided during past retrieval and future simulation in SD. Participants with SD (n=14), Alzheimer's disease (n=11), and healthy controls (n=14) had previously completed an experimental Past-Future interview in which they generated three past events from the previous year, and three future events in the next year, and provided subjective qualitative ratings of vividness, emotional valence, emotional intensity, task difficulty, and personal significance for each event described. Our results confirmed the striking impairment for future simulation in SD, despite a relative preservation of past episodic retrieval. Examination of the contextual details provided for past memories and future simulations revealed significant impairments irrespective of contextual detail type for future simulations in SD, and demonstrated that the future thinking deficit in this cohort was driven by a marked decline in the provision of internal (episodic) event details. In contrast with this past>future effect for internal event details, SD patients displayed a future>past effect for external (non-episodic) event details. Analyses of the qualitative ratings provided for past and future events indicated that SD patients' phenomenological experience did not differ between temporal conditions. Our findings underscore the fact that successful extraction of episodic elements from the past is not sufficient for the generation of novel future simulations in SD. The notable disconnect between objective task performance and patients' subjective experience during future simulation likely reflects the tendency of SD patients to recast entire past events into the future condition. Accordingly, the familiarity of the recapitulated details results in similar ratings of vividness and emotionality across temporal conditions, despite marked differences in the richness of contextual details as the patient moves from the past to the future.
机译：语义性痴呆（SD）是一种进行性神经退行性疾病，其特征是在相对保留的近期情节记忆的背景下语义知识的无意识丧失。最近的研究表明，尽管情节记忆相对完整，但SD中未来模拟的能力受到了极大损害，导致了不对称配置文件，其中过去的检索比未来的模拟要好得多（称为过去>未来效应）。在这里，我们试图通过对SD的过去检索和未来模拟过程中提供的上下文细节进行细粒度分析，来确定这种不对称轮廓的起源。 SD（n = 14），阿尔茨海默氏病（n = 11）和健康对照（n = 14）的参与者先前完成了一项实验性的过往访谈，在该访谈中，他们产生了上一年的三个过去事件以及三个未来的事件并在第二年对所描述的每个事件提供了主观定性的生动度，情感价，情感强度，任务难度和个人意义的定性评价。尽管相对保留了过去的情景检索，我们的结果证实了SD未来模拟的显着损害。对过去的记忆和将来的模拟提供的上下文细节的检查显示，无论SD未来模拟的上下文细节类型如何，都存在明显的障碍，并且表明该队列中未来的思维缺陷是由内部（个别）提供的显着下降导致的活动详细信息。与过去对内部事件详细信息的>未来效果相反，SD患者对外部（非事件）事件详细信息显示未来的>过去效果。对过去和将来事件的定性评估分析表明，SD患者的现象学经验在时间条件之间没有差异。我们的发现强调了一个事实，即从过去成功提取情节元素不足以生成SD中新颖的未来模拟。在未来的模拟过程中，客观任务执行与患者的主观体验之间的明显脱节可能反映了SD患者将整个过去事件重塑为未来状况的趋势。因此，尽管随着患者从过去移到未来，上下文细节的丰富度存在显着差异，但经过概括的细节的熟悉度会在整个时间条件下产生相似的生动性和情感等级。

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