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首页> 外文期刊>Neuropsychologia >The effects of aging on emotion-induced modulations of source retrieval ERPs: Evidence for valence biases
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The effects of aging on emotion-induced modulations of source retrieval ERPs: Evidence for valence biases

机译：衰老对情绪诱导的源检索ERP调制的影响：价偏的证据

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Many behavioral studies have shown that memory is enhanced for emotionally salient events across the lifespan. It has been suggested that this mnemonic boost may be observed for both age groups, particularly the old, in part because emotional information is retrieved with less effort than neutral information. Neuroimaging evidence suggests that inefficient retrieval processing (temporally delayed and attenuated) may contribute to age-related impairments in episodic memory for neutral events. It is not entirely clear whether emotional salience may reduce these age-related changes in neural activity associated with episodic retrieval for neutral events. Here, we investigated these ideas using event-related potentials (ERPs) to assess the neural correlates of successful source memory retrieval ("old-new effects") for neutral and emotional (negative and positive) images. Behavioral results showed that older adults demonstrated source memory impairments compared to the young but that both groups showed reduced source memory accuracy for negative compared to positive and neutral images; most likely due to an arousal-induced memory tradeoff for the negative images, which were subjectively more arousing than both positive and neutral images. ERP results showed that early onsetting old-new effects, between 100 and 300. ms, were observed for emotional but not neutral images in both age groups. Interestingly, these early effects were observed for negative items in the young and for positive items in the old. These ERP findings offer support for the idea that emotional events may be retrieved more automatically than neutral events across the lifespan. Furthermore, we suggest that very early retrieval mechanisms, possibly perceptual priming or familiarity, may underlie the negativity and positivity effects sometimes observed in the young and old, respectively, for various behavioral measures of attention and memory.
机译：许多行为研究表明，在整个生命过程中，针对情感上显着事件的记忆都得到了增强。已经提出，对于两个年龄组，尤其是老年人，都可以观察到助记符增强，部分原因是情感信息的检索比中性信息的工作量少。神经影像学证据表明，无效的检索处理（暂时延迟和减弱）可能会导致中性事件的情节性记忆中与年龄相关的损伤。尚不十分清楚情绪上的显着性是否可以减少这些与年龄相关的神经活动的变化，这些变化与中立事件的情节检索有关。在这里，我们使用事件相关电位（ERP）调查了这些想法，以评估中性和情绪性（阴性和阳性）图像的成功源记忆检索（“新旧效应”）的神经相关性。行为结果表明，与年轻人相比，成年人表现出了源记忆障碍，但是与正像和中性影像相比，两组对于负性影像都显示出降低的源记忆准确性。最有可能是由于对负图像的唤醒引起的记忆权衡，主观上比正图像和中性图像更具唤醒性。 ERP结果表明，在两个年龄组中，对于情绪性图像（而非中性图像）都观察到了100到300 ms的早期起效新老效应。有趣的是，这些早期效应在年轻人中被发现为阴性项目，在老年人中被发现为阳性项目。这些ERP结果为以下想法提供了支持：情感事件在整个生命周期中可能比中立事件更自动检索。此外，我们建议非常早期的检索机制，可能是感知启动或熟悉，可能是针对年轻人注意和记忆的各种行为量度有时分别在年轻人和老年人中观察到的消极和积极作用的基础。

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