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首页> 外文期刊>Neuroscience Letters: An International Multidisciplinary Journal Devoted to the Rapid Publication of Basic Research in the Brain Sciences >Gestural recovery and the role of forward and reversed syllabic repetitions as stuttering inhibitors in adults.
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Gestural recovery and the role of forward and reversed syllabic repetitions as stuttering inhibitors in adults.

机译：手势恢复以及正向和反向音节重复作为成人口吃抑制剂的作用。

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Instead of being the core stuttering 'problem', syllabic repetitions may be a biological mechanism, or 'solution', to the central involuntary stuttering block. Simply put, stuttering is an endogenous transitory state of 'shadowed speech', a choral speech derivative that allows for a neural release of the central block. To investigate this possibility, 14 adults who stutter read while listening to forward fluent speech, reversed fluent speech, forward stuttered speech, and reversed stuttered speech. All conditions induced significant degrees of stuttering inhibition when compared to a control condition. However, the reversed fluent condition was less powerful than the other three conditions ( approximately 42% vs. approximately 65%) for inhibiting stuttering. Stuttering inhibition appears to proceed by 'gestural recovery', made possible by the presence of an exogenous or 'second' set of speech gestures and engagement of mirror neurons. When reversed fluent speech was used, violations in normal gesture-time relationships (i.e., normal speech entropy) resulted in gestural configurations that apparently were inadequately recovered, and therefore, were not as conducive to high levels of stuttering inhibition. In contrast, high levels of encoding found in the simple syllabic structures of stuttered speech allowed its forward and reversed forms to be equally effective for gestural recovery and stuttering inhibition. The reversal of repeated syllables did not appear to significantly degrade the natural gesture-time relationships (i.e., they were perceptually recognizable). Thus, exogenous speech gestures that displayed near normal gestural relationships allowed for easy recovery and fluent productions via mirror systems, suggesting a more choral-like nature. The importance of syllabic repetitions is highlighted: both their perceived (exogenous) and produced (endogenous) forms appear to be fundamental, surface acoustic manifestations for central stuttering inhibition via the engagement of mirror neurons.
机译：音节重复可能不是核心的口吃“问题”，而是中央非自愿口吃的生物学机制或“解决方案”。简而言之，口吃是“阴影语音”的一种内源性过渡状态，是一种合唱语音导数，可以使神经传导性神经中枢释放。为了调查这种可能性，有14名成年人在听前向流利语音，逆向流利语音，正向口吃语音和反向口吃语音时口吃了阅读。与对照条件相比，所有条件均引起明显的口吃抑制。但是，反向流利条件在抑制口吃方面没有其他三个条件强（约42％对约65％）。口吃抑制似乎是通过“手势恢复”来进行的，这是由于外在或“第二”组语音手势的存在以及镜像神经元的参与而实现的。当使用反向流利的语音时，违反正常手势时间关系（即正常语音熵）会导致手势配置明显恢复不足，因此不利于高水平的口吃抑制。相反，在口吃语音的简单音节结构中发现的高级别编码使它的正向和反向形式对手势恢复和口吃抑制均有效。重复音节的逆转似乎并未显着降低自然手势时间关系（即，它们在感知上是可识别的）。因此，显示出接近正常手势关系的外源性语音手势可以通过镜子系统轻松恢复和流畅地产生声音，这暗示了更合唱的性质。强调了音节重复的重要性：无论是感知的（外生的）形式还是产生的（内生的）形式，都是通过镜面神经元的参与抑制中央口吃的基本表面声波表现。

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