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Nitric oxide synthase expression after human brain contusion.

机译：人脑挫伤后一氧化氮合酶的表达

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OBJECTIVE: Nitric oxide is a universal mediator of biological effects in the brain, and it has been implicated in the pathophysiological processes of traumatic brain injury. Experimental studies have indicated posttraumatic up-regulation of the three different isoforms of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) (i.e., inducible NOS [iNOS], endothelial NOS, and neuronal NOS) after brain trauma. This study was undertaken to investigate the cellular sources and tissue compartments of nitric oxide produced by human patients undergoing surgical treatment for contusional brain injuries. METHODS: Contused brain tissue specimens from eight consecutive patients who underwent surgical treatment for brain contusions 3 hours to 5 days after trauma were evaluated in immunohistochemical analyses. Double-staining assays were used to define which cells produced the different isoforms. RESULTS: Increases in iNOS-positive cells were detectable within 6 hours after trauma, with a peak at 8 to 23 hours. Expression of iNOS after trauma was detected in neurons, macrophages, neutrophils, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes. The cellular sources of iNOS differed at different times after trauma. No detectable difference in the expression of the neuronal or endothelial isoforms was observed for trauma patients, compared with control subjects. CONCLUSION: iNOS expression was up-regulated in a time-dependent manner in human brain tissue obtained from patients undergoing surgical treatment for contusional trauma. Our human data largely parallel experimental findings in rats, indicating that such trauma models are relevant for experimental studies and treatment trials.
机译：目的：一氧化氮是大脑中生物效应的普遍介体，已与脑外伤的病理生理过程有关。实验研究表明，脑外伤后，一氧化氮合酶（NOS）的三种不同亚型（即诱导型NOS [iNOS]，内皮型NOS和神经元型NOS）在创伤后上调。这项研究的目的是调查接受手术治疗挫伤性脑损伤的人类患者产生的一氧化氮的细胞来源和组织区室。方法：采用免疫组织化学分析方法评估了连续8例创伤后3小时至5天接受脑挫裂伤手术治疗的脑组织标本。使用双重染色测定法来确定哪些细胞产生不同的同工型。结果：创伤后6小时内可检测到iNOS阳性细胞的增加，在8至23小时达到峰值。在神经元，巨噬细胞，嗜中性粒细胞，星形胶质细胞和少突胶质细胞中检测到创伤后iNOS的表达。 iNOS的细胞来源在创伤后的不同时间有所不同。与对照组相比，对于创伤患者，未观察到神经元或内皮亚型表达的可检测差异。结论：iNOS的表达以时间依赖性方式上调在人脑组织中，该组织来自于因挫伤而接受手术治疗的患者。我们的人类数据在很大程度上与大鼠的实验结果相似，表明此类创伤模型与实验研究和治疗试验相关。

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