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首页> 外文期刊>Neurosurgery >Paleopathological features of the cervical spine in the early middle ages: natural history of degenerative diseases.
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Paleopathological features of the cervical spine in the early middle ages: natural history of degenerative diseases.

机译：中世纪早期颈椎的古病理特征：退行性疾病的自然史。

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OBJECTIVE: Trauma and degenerative joint disease are the most common pathological conditions observed in archaeological skeletal remains. We describe the prevalence of different types of cervical bone diseases observed in the early Middle Ages (6th to 8th centuries AD). METHODS: Human skeletons were excavated from Germanic row graves in southwestern Germany. One hundred ninety-six cervical spines thus obtained were examined for bone disease. The degenerative changes were classified into Grades 1 (marginal osteophytes), 2 (uneven joint surfaces), and 3 (osseous ankylosis). Cervical spinal canal stenosis was defined as anteroposterior diameters of <11 mm and intervertebral foraminal stenosis as <3.0 mm in the smallest diameter. RESULTS: Of the skeletons, 27.5% demonstrated degenerative changes of the cervical spine. The mean age of the skeletons at the time of death was 33.4 years, compared with 43.7 years for those with degenerative disease. Degenerative changes of the vertebral bodies (usually Grades 1and 2) were most common in the C5-C6 (12.4%, P < 0.05) and C6-C7 (15.3%, P < 0.05) segments. The medial (6.1%) and lateral (0.6%) atlantoaxial joints were rarely involved in degenerative disease. The facet joints from C3-C4 to C6-C7 demonstrated degenerative changes (usually Grades 1 and 2) in 8.0 to 11.8% of cases. The C2-C3 facet joints were significantly involved in degenerative disease in 19.7% of cases (P < 0.05), one-fourth of which demonstrated osseous ankylosis. We observed cervical spinal canal stenosis in 5 skeletons (2.6%) and osseous intervertebral foraminal stenoses in 12 (6.1%). Isolated cases of other pathological processes, i.e., spondylitis ankylopoietica, occipitalization of the atlas and axis, and an odontoid fracture with pseudoarthrosis, were also recorded. CONCLUSION: In the early Middle Ages, the prevalence of degenerative cervical spine disease was the same as that observed today. The C2-C3 facet joints demonstrated high rates of degenerative disease.
机译：目的：创伤和退化性关节病是考古骨骼遗骸中最常见的病理状况。我们描述了在中世纪早期（公元6至8世纪）观察到的不同类型的宫颈骨疾病的患病率。方法：从德国西南部日耳曼人的行墓中挖出人体骨骼。检查由此获得的196个颈椎的骨病。退行性变分为1级（边缘骨赘），2级（关节表面不平整）和3级（骨性强直）。颈椎管狭窄定义为前后直径<11 mm，椎间孔狭窄在最小直径<3.0 mm。结果：在骨骼中，有27.5％表现出颈椎的退行性改变。死亡时骨骼的平均年龄为33.4岁，而患有退行性疾病的骨骼的平均年龄为43.7岁。在C5-C6（12.4％，P <0.05）和C6-C7（15.3％，P <0.05）节段中，椎体的退化性变化（通常是1级和2级）最为常见。寰枢关节内侧（6.1％）和外侧（0.6％）很少参与变性疾病。从C3-C4到C6-C7的小关节在8.0％至11.8％的病例中表现出退行性变化（通常为1级和2级）。 C2-C3小关节明显参与了退行性疾病，占19.7％（P <0.05），其中四分之一表现为骨性强直。我们观察到颈椎管狭窄的5个骨骼（2.6％）和骨间孔的狭窄在12个骨骼中（6.1％）。还记录了其他病理过程的孤立病例，例如，甲强性脊柱炎，地图集和轴的枕骨化以及假性关节炎的齿状突骨折。结论：在中世纪早期，变性颈椎疾病的患病率与今天观察到的相同。 C2-C3小关节表现出很高的退行性疾病。

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