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首页> 外文期刊>Neurosurgery >The Science of Shrinking Human Heads: Tribal Warfare and Revenge among the South American Jivaro-Shuar.
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The Science of Shrinking Human Heads: Tribal Warfare and Revenge among the South American Jivaro-Shuar.

机译：人头缩水的科学：南美Jivaro-Shuar的部落战争和复仇。

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摘要

THE PRACTICE OF "head-shrinking" has been the proper domain not of Africa but rather of the denizens of South America. Specifically, in the post-Columbian period, it has been most famously the practice of a tribe of indigenous people commonly called the Jivaro or Jivaro-Shuar. The evidence suggests that the Jivaro-Shuar are merely the last group to retain a custom widespread in northwestern South America. In both ceramic and textile art of the pre-Columbian residents of Peru, the motif of trophy heads smaller than normal life-size heads commonly recurs; the motif is seen even in surviving carvings in stone and shell. Moreover, although not true shrunken heads, trophy heads found in late pre-Columbian and even post-Columbian graves of the region demonstrate techniques of display very similar to those used by the Jivaro-Shuar, at least some of which are best understood in the context of head-shrinking. Regardless, the Jivaro-Shuar and their practices provide an illustrative counterexample to popular mythregarding the culture and science of the shrinking of human heads.
机译：“缩头”的做法不是非洲而是南美洲居民的适当领域。具体而言，在后哥伦布时期，最著名的是土著部落的习俗，通常称为Jivaro或Jivaro-Shuar。证据表明，Jivaro-Shuar只是在南美洲西北部保留风俗的最后一组。在秘鲁前哥伦布时期的居民中，陶瓷和纺织品艺术中都出现了比正常大小的实物尺寸小的头形奖杯的图案。即使在残存的石头和贝壳雕刻中也能看到该图案。此外，尽管不是真正的缩头，但在该地区哥伦布前晚期甚至哥伦布后后期的坟墓中发现的奖杯头展示的展示技术与吉瓦罗-舒尔所用的展示技术非常相似，至少其中一些是最好的。缩头的背景。无论如何，Jivaro-Shuar及其实践为人们关于人类头部缩小的文化和科学的神话提供了一个说明性的反例。

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