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首页> 外文期刊>North American Journal of Aquaculture >Distribution of Off-Flavor Compounds and Isolation of Geosmin-Producing Bacteria in a Series of Water Recirculating Systems for Rainbow Trout Culture
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Distribution of Off-Flavor Compounds and Isolation of Geosmin-Producing Bacteria in a Series of Water Recirculating Systems for Rainbow Trout Culture

机译：在虹鳟鱼养殖的一系列水循环系统中，除臭化合物的分布和产生土臭素的细菌的分离

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Preharvest off-flavor in aquaculture products results in large economic losses to producers due to delayed harvest. The common off flavors "earthy'' and "musty'' are due to the presence of geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol (MIB), respectively. Although certain species of cyanobacteria are responsible for these problems in pond-cultured fish, the microbial sources of geosmin and MIB in recirculating aquaculture systems (RASs) are still being explored. In this study, we investigated (1) the distribution of geosmin and MIB within six replicated RASs producing rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss and (2) the microorganisms responsible for earthy off-flavor in the flesh of RAS-cultured trout. Water, biosolids, and fish samples were collected when fish were at maximum feed levels and before harvest. Each RAS contained a fluidized-sand biofilter, a cascade aeration column, a low-head oxygenation (LHO) unit, an LHO sump, a 5.3-m(3) culture tank, a drum filter, a pump sump, and a heat exchanger. Solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (SPME-GC-MS) was used to determine the levels of geosmin and MIB in the collected samples. Water and biosolid samples were used to inoculate media for culturing microorganisms capable of producing geosmin, MIB, or both (e. g., actinomycetes, cyanobacteria, fungi, and myxobacteria). Microbial isolates producing an earthy-musty odor were subjected to SPME-GC-MS analysis to verify geosmin and MIB production. Geosmin levels were higher and more prevalent than MIB in water, biosolids, and trout fillets. In addition, geosmin levels were higher in biosolids than in water. The earthy-odor-producing actinomycetes Nocardia cummidelens, N. fluminea, Streptomyces luridiscabiei, and Streptomyces cf. albidoflavus, were isolated from biosolids contained within the RAS drum filters and heat exchangers, and these isolates were subsequently confirmed to be geosmin producers. No other geosmin-producing microorganisms were isolated. These isolates were the likely source of the geosmin in the RAS water and contributors to the earthy off-flavor in the trout.
机译：水产养殖产品的收获前异味由于延迟收获而给生产者造成巨大的经济损失。常见的异味“土”和“糊状”分别是由于存在土臭素和2-甲基异冰片醇（MIB）。尽管某些蓝细菌导致了池塘养殖鱼类中的这些问题，但仍在探索循环水产养殖系统（RASs）中的土臭素和MIB的微生物来源。在这项研究中，我们调查了（1）六个重复生产RAS的虹鳟Oncorhynchus mykiss的RAS中土臭素和MIB的分布，以及（2）RAS养殖鳟鱼肉中土样异味的微生物。当鱼处于最大饲料水平时和收获前，收集水，生物固体和鱼样品。每个RAS都包含一个流化砂生物滤池，一个级联曝气塔，一个低水头氧合（LHO）单元，一个LHO池，一个5.3 m（3）培养箱，一个鼓式过滤器，一个泵池和一个热交换器。固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱法（SPME-GC-MS）用于测定收集的样品中的土臭素和MIB含量。水和生物固体样品被用来接种培养基，以培养能够产生土壤素，MIB或两者的微生物（例如放线菌，蓝细菌，真菌和粘菌）。对产生泥土味的微生物分离物进行SPME-GC-MS分析，以验证土臭素和MIB的产生。在水，生物固体和鳟鱼鱼片中，土臭素的含量比MIB更高，更普遍。另外，生物固体中的土臭素水平高于水中。产生土臭味的放线菌是诺卡氏菌诺曼氏菌，N。fluminea，luridiscabiei链霉菌和链霉菌。从RAS鼓式过滤器和热交换器中包含的生物固体中分离出albidoflavus，这些分离物随后被确认是土臭素的生产者。没有分离出其他产生土臭素的微生物。这些分离物很可能是RAS水中的土臭素的来源，并且是鳟鱼泥土味的来源。

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