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首页> 外文期刊>North American Journal of Fisheries Management >Life History Diversity of Snake River Finespotted Cutthroat Trout: Managing for Persistence in a Rapidly Changing Environment
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Life History Diversity of Snake River Finespotted Cutthroat Trout: Managing for Persistence in a Rapidly Changing Environment

机译：蛇河细斑鳟鱼的生活史多样性：在瞬息万变的环境中保持持久性

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摘要

Over the last century, native trout have experienced dramatic population declines, particularly in larger river systems where habitats associated with different spawning life history forms have been lost through habitat degradation and fragmentation. The resulting decrease in life history diversity has affected the capacity of populations to respond to environmental variability and disturbance. Unfortunately, because few large rivers are intact enough to permit full expression of life history diversity, it is unclear what patterns of diversity should be a conservation target. In this study, radiotelemetry was used to identify spawning and migration patterns of Snake River Finespotted Cutthroat Trout Oncorhynchus clarkii behnkei in the upper Snake River. Individuals were implanted with radio tags in October 2007 and 2008, and monitored through October 2009. Radio-tagged cutthroat trout in the upper Snake River exhibited variation in spawning habitat type and location, migration distance, spawn timing, postspawning behavior, and susceptibility to mortality sources. Between May and July, Cutthroat Trout spawned in runoff-dominated tributaries, groundwater-dominated spring creeks, and side channels of the Snake River. Individuals migrated up to 101 km from tagging locations in the upper Snake River to access spawning habitats, indicating that the upper Snake River provided seasonal habitat for spawners originating throughout the watershed. Postspawning behavior also varied; by August each year, 28% of spring-creek spawners remained in their spawning location, compared with 0% of side-channel spawners and 7% of tributary spawners. These spawning and migration patterns reflect the connectivity, habitat diversity, and dynamic template of the Snake River. Ultimately, promoting life history diversity through restoration of complex habitats may provide the most opportunities for cutthroat trout persistence in an environment likely to experience increased variability from climate change and disturbance from invasive species.
机译：在上个世纪，本地鳟鱼经历了急剧的种群减少，特别是在较大的河流系统中，由于栖息地退化和破碎化，与不同产卵生活史形式相关的栖息地已经消失。所导致的生活史多样性的减少影响了人们对环境变化和干扰作出反应的能力。不幸的是，由于没有几条大河完整无损，无法充分表达生活史的多样性，因此尚不清楚哪种多样性模式应作为保护目标。在这项研究中，无线电遥测技术被用来识别蛇河上游细蛇鱼细斑的鳟鱼Oncorhynchus clarkii behnkei的产卵和迁移模式。在2007年10月和2008年10月对个体植入无线电标签，并在2009年10月之前对其进行监视。在Snake River上游，用无线电标签的割喉鳟鱼表现出产卵栖息地类型和位置，迁徙距离，产卵时间，产卵后行为以及对死亡率的敏感性变化。资料来源。在五月到七月之间，残酷的鳟鱼在径流支配的支流，地下水支配的小河和斯内克河的侧渠中产卵。个体从斯内克河上游的标记位置迁移了101公里，以进入产卵栖息地，这表明斯内克河上游为整个流域的产卵者提供了季节性栖息地。产后行为也各不相同;到每年八月，有28％的春季克里克产卵者仍留在产卵地点，相比之下，边沟产卵者为0％，支流产卵者为7％。这些产卵和迁移模式反映了蛇河的连通性，栖息地多样性和动态模板。最终，通过恢复复杂的栖息地来促进生活史的多样性，可能会为在环境中因气候变化和入侵物种造成的变异性增加而使cut鳟鳟鱼持久存在提供最大的机会。

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