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首页> 外文期刊>Catena: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Soil Science Hydrology-Geomorphology Focusing on Geoecology and Landscape Evolution >Pedologic and geomorphic impacts of a tornado blowdown event in a mixed pine-hardwood forest
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Pedologic and geomorphic impacts of a tornado blowdown event in a mixed pine-hardwood forest

机译：松木-硬木混交林中龙卷风排污事件的生态学和地貌影响

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摘要

Biomechanical effects of trees on soils and surface processes may be extensive in forest environments. Two blowdown sites caused by a November 2005 tornado in the Ouachita National Forest, Arkansas allowed a case study examination of bioturbation associated with a specific forest blowdown event, as well as detailed examination of relationships between tree root systems, soils, and underlying bedrock. The sites occur within mixed shortleaf pine and hardwood forests. More than 95% of trees in the severe blowdown areas were either uprooted or suffered trunk break. with uprooting more common than breakage. Within the most heavily damaged areas all uprooted trees were pines, while all trees left standing were hardwoods. Root wads of uprooted trees had a mean surface area of about 3 m(2) and volume of about 2 m(3), though individual sizes were quite variable. Nearly 4% of the ground surface area was affected by uprootings, with a soil volume equivalent to a disturbance of the entire surface area to a depth of 2.4 cm. Tree size (as measured by diameter at breast height) was significantly related to the area and volume of root wads (R-2=0.55, 0.71, respectively), with volume of uprooted soil varying as diameter to the similar to 3 power, suggesting that the timing of blowdown events relative to tree age or growth stage significantly influences the area of disturbance and the mass and volume of material involved. In 93% of cases the roots of the uprooted trees contacted or penetrated the underlying bedrock, and in all those cases bedrock was quarried by uprooting. Only 11% of the tree throws showed evidence of general lateral root turning at the soil-bedrock interface; in most cases roots penetrated bedrock along joints. The propensity for tree roots to penetrate bedrock joints, facilitate weathering, and excavate bedrock during uprooting supports the idea that tree roots play a predominant role in locally deepening soils.
机译：在森林环境中，树木对土壤和表面过程的生物力学影响可能很大。 2005年11月在阿肯色州瓦希塔国家森林中发生的两次龙卷风造成的两个排污现场，进行了案例研究，考察了与特定森林排污事件相关的生物扰动，并详细检查了树根系统，土壤与下层基岩之间的关系。这些地点发生在短叶松木和阔叶林之间。在严重排污地区，超过95％的树木被连根拔起或树干断裂。连根拔起比破损更普遍。在受灾最严重的地区，所有连根拔起的树木都是松树，而所有站立的树木都是阔叶树。尽管个体大小变化很大，连根拔起的树木的根茎的平均表面积约为3 m（2），体积约为2 m（3）。连根拔起影响了近4％的地面表面积，土壤体积相当于整个表面积扰动2.4厘米。树木的大小（以胸高处的直径来衡量）与根团的面积和体积显着相关（分别为R-2 = 0.55、0.71），而连根拔起的土壤的体积随直径的变化而变化，近似于3次方。与树木年龄或生长阶段相关的排污事件的时间会显着影响扰动区域以及所涉及材料的质量和体积。在93％的情况下，连根拔起的树木的根部接触或穿透了下面的基岩，在所有这些情况下，基岩都是通过连根拔起进行采石的。仅11％的树木砍伐显示出土壤-基岩界面普遍侧根转向的迹象;在大多数情况下，根部沿着节理穿透基岩。树根在连根拔起期间易于渗透基岩缝，促进风化并挖掘基岩，这支持了树根在局部深化土壤中起主要作用的观点。

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