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首页> 外文期刊>Catena: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Soil Science Hydrology-Geomorphology Focusing on Geoecology and Landscape Evolution >Slope and rainfall effects on the volume of sediment yield by gully erosion in the Souar lithologic formation (Tunisia).
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Slope and rainfall effects on the volume of sediment yield by gully erosion in the Souar lithologic formation (Tunisia).

机译：Souar岩性地层（突尼斯）的坡度和降雨对沟蚀造成的产沙量的影响。

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摘要

The Souar lithologic formation in semi-arid Tunisia is undergoing severe gully erosion which is threatening soil and water resources. Soil conservation strategies have focused more on terracing than on gully control techniques, since the contribution of gully sediment yield in the overall soil loss from watersheds is unknown. The paper reports investigations into the sediment yield provided by head-cut as well as sidewall-floor erosion of first order gullies on gentle and steep slope catchments underlined by the Souar lithologic formation. We measured mean field sediment volumes evacuated by different headward reaches of 10 and 9 gullies located on gentle and steep slope catchments, respectively. Two equations between the length of the gully head cutting and the corresponding volume of evacuated sediment were established. The treatment with a Geographic Information System (Arc View) of air photographs of six flights from 1952 to 2000 allowed the calculation of the volume of sediment provided both by head cutting and gully sidewalls-floor erosion through the following up of gully extension in eight catchments during the five periods separating the dates of these flights. Total gully erosion was on average 1.66 m3 ha-1 year-1 for the gentle slopes and 5.603 m3 ha-1 year-1 for the steep slopes. Sidewalls-floor contribution in total erosion was on average 81.5% for the gentle slopes and 77.8% for the steep slopes. We found out that the mean annual rainfall resulting from 40 mm daily rainfall threshold explained better the variation of annual head cutting sediment yield for these five periods than any other annual rainfall resulting from lower daily rainfall thresholds. Two equations between these two variables were established both for gentle and steep slope catchments.
机译：半干旱突尼斯的Souar岩性地层正在遭受严重的沟壑侵蚀，这正威胁着土壤和水资源。土壤养护策略更多地集中在梯田上，而不是沟壑控制技术上，因为人们不知道沟壑沉积物产量在流域整体土壤流失中的贡献。本文报道了在苏阿尔岩性地层下划线的缓坡和陡坡集水区的一级切沟的头切和侧壁侵蚀所提供的沉积物调查。我们分别测量了分别位于平缓和陡坡集水区的10个和9个沟壑的不同迎头范围疏散的平均田间泥沙量。建立了沟渠开挖长度与相应排空泥沙量之间的两个方程。使用地理信息系统（Arc View）对1952年至2000年的六次飞行的航空照片进行处理，可以通过对八个集水区的沟渠扩展进行跟踪，计算出由头部切割和沟渠侧壁-地面侵蚀所提供的沉积物量在将这些航班的日期分开的五个时间段内。平缓坡道的总沟壑侵蚀平均为1.66 m 3 ha -1 年 -1 ，平均坡度为5.603 m 3 ha -1 年 -1 用于陡坡。边坡-底面对总侵蚀的贡献平缓坡度平均为81.5％，陡坡平均为77.8％。我们发现，由每天40毫米的日降雨量阈值产生的平均年降雨量比由更低的每日降雨量的阈值产生的任何其他年降雨量更好地解释了这五个时期的年度head割底泥产量变化。对于缓坡和陡坡流域，在这两个变量之间建立了两个方程。

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