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首页> 外文期刊>Catena: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Soil Science Hydrology-Geomorphology Focusing on Geoecology and Landscape Evolution >A study on the annual runoff change and its relationship with water and soil conservation practices and climate change in the middle Yellow River basin
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A study on the annual runoff change and its relationship with water and soil conservation practices and climate change in the middle Yellow River basin

机译：黄河中游年径流变化及其与水土保持措施和气候变化的关系研究。

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Based on the long-term hydrological and meteorological series, DEM, soil database and documents of soil conservation measures of the middle Yellow River, investigations are made on the spatial and temporal changes of runoff and the impact of 11 factors, which include rainfall, temperature, terrain slope, drainage density, gravel, sand, silt, and organic carbon content in soil, water consumption, and soil conservation measures. The results show that the total runoff generated from the middle Yellow River had a decreasing trend in the past 60 years, with two abrupt falls around the years 1971 and 1991. In the spatial dimension, runoff modulus grew from the north to the south and from the west to the east, and the largest gradient of spatial change ofrunoff modulus happened during the period of 1956-1970 before the first falls of the total runoff. In the period 1954-2009, the average annual rate of temporal change of runoff modulus increased acceleratedly outward from the northwest of the middle Yellow River with a concentric ring pattern. Correlation analysis of runoff modulus with potential influencing factors in the spatial perspective reveals that the spatial distribution of the runoff modulus is principally the results of the regional variationof natural conditions. The results of the correlation analysis of the temporal series of runoff coefficient and influencing factors suggest that climate change, hydraulic engineering and soil conservation measures, were all the major causes of runoff reducing in the second half of the last century in the middle Yellow River. For the whole middle Yellow River, climate change contributed over 40% of the runoff deviations in the 1960s, 1970s and 1990s, while water consumption induced also over 40% runoffreduction in the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s. The runoff reduction due to hydraulic engineering was about 2-3 times of that caused by soil conservation measures, and both of them increased continuously from the 1960s to the 1980s, and kept at a higher level in the 1990s. The contribution of different causes to runoff deviation was variable in different drainage areas. Generally, in the semi-arid areas climate change played a decreasing role in runoff reduction comparing with other causes, while in the semi-humid areas it induced a higher and more variable proportion of runoff deviation according to the decade means.
机译：根据长期的水文和气象序列，DEM，土壤数据库和黄河中游水土保持措施的文件，对径流的时空变化以及降雨，温度等11个因素的影响进行了调查。 ，地形坡度，排水密度，砾石，沙子，淤泥和土壤中的有机碳含量，耗水量和水土保持措施。结果表明，在过去的60年中，黄河中游产生的总径流量呈下降趋势，在1971年和1991年前后有两次突然下降。在空间维度上，径流模量从北向南和从从西到东，径流模量的空间变化最大梯度发生在1956年至1970年的总径流第一次下降之前。在1954-2009年期间，径流量模量的年平均变化速率从中黄河的西北部以同心圆环型向北加速增长。从空间角度对径流模量与潜在影响因素的相关分析表明，径流模量的空间分布主要是自然条件区域变化的结果。径流系数时间序列及其影响因素的相关分析结果表明，气候变化，水利工程和水土保持措施，都是上世纪下半叶黄河中游径流减少的主要原因。对于整个黄河中游，在1960年代，1970年代和1990年代，气候变化贡献了超过40％的径流偏差，而在1960年代，1970年代和1980年代，用水量也导致了40％以上的径流减少。由于水利工程导致的径流减少量约为水土保持措施造成的径流减少量的2-3倍，并且两者在1960年代至1980年代都持续增加，并在1990年代保持较高水平。在不同的流域，不同原因对径流偏差的贡献是可变的。通常，在半干旱地区，与其他原因相比，气候变化在径流减少中的作用减小，而在半湿润地区，根据十年平均值，气候变化引起的径流偏差比例更高且变化更大。

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