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首页> 外文期刊>Catena: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Soil Science Hydrology-Geomorphology Focusing on Geoecology and Landscape Evolution >Mineral composition vs. soil forming processes in loess soils - a case study from Krakow (Southern Poland).
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Mineral composition vs. soil forming processes in loess soils - a case study from Krakow (Southern Poland).

机译：黄土土壤中矿物成分与土壤形成过程的关系-来自克拉科夫（波兰南部）的案例研究。

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摘要

The mineral composition of soil parent material has a clear impact on: soil formation, soil properties (especially chemical properties), and mineral transformation in soil environment. Despite many studies concerning loess soils, detailed, quantitative studies on the mineral composition and transformation of clay minerals in loess soils formed during Holocene and the influence of the mineral composition of parent material on the properties of loess soils are rare. The main aims of the present study were (1) to determine the influence of loess mineral composition on soil genesis and (2) to determine layer silicate transformations and clay mineral formation in loess soils in relation to soil-forming processes using qualitative and quantitative X-ray diffraction analyses (XRD and QXRD). The obtained results show that the occurrence of carbonate minerals (i.e. calcite) and their influence on chemical properties of soil play a crucial role in the evolution of loess soils. In loess that does not contain carbonates, dispersion and translocation of clay particles (including clay minerals) down the profile occur. This leads to the formation of Luvisols and Albeluvisols. In carbonate loess, clay minerals and soil organic matter form stable humus-mineral complexes leading to the accumulation of humus and the formation of Chernozems. The transformation of mica and/or smectite and/or vermiculite to hydroxy-interlayered minerals (HIMs) is the dominant process in the studied loess soils developed in a temperate climate because intense weathering of layer silicates is possible after removal of carbonates from soil profile. This indicates that the occurrence of carbonates which maintain soil pH on a level of about 7 or higher is most likely the main factor controlling the rate of weathering of layer silicates in a loess soil environment. In carbonate loess, the dissolution and leaching of carbonates prevail over the weathering of silicates. It is highly likely that the continuous leaching of carbonates - assuming that the climate will not change - will lead to more intense weathering of layer silicates.
机译：土壤母质的矿物成分对以下方面有明显影响：土壤形成，土壤特性（尤其是化学特性）以及土壤环境中的矿物转化。尽管有许多关于黄土的研究，但很少有关于全新世期间形成的黄土中矿物成分和粘土矿物的转化以及母体矿物的矿物成分对黄土特性的影响的详细，定量的研究。本研究的主要目的是（1）使用定性和定量X值确定黄土矿物成分对土壤成因的影响，以及（2）确定黄土中层状硅酸盐转化和粘土矿物形成与土壤形成过程的关系。射线衍射分析（XRD和QXRD）。所得结果表明，碳酸盐矿物（即方解石）的发生及其对土壤化学性质的影响在黄土土壤的演化中起着至关重要的作用。在不含碳酸盐的黄土中，粘土颗粒（包括粘土矿物）沿剖面向下扩散和易位。这导致Luvisols和Albeluvisols的形成。在碳酸盐黄土中，粘土矿物和土壤有机质形成稳定的腐殖质-矿物复合物，导致腐殖质的积累和黑钙质的形成。在温带气候下研究的黄土土壤中，云母和/或蒙脱石和/或ver石向羟基中间层矿物（HIMs）的转化是主要过程，因为从土壤剖面中去除碳酸盐后，硅酸盐层的强烈风化是可能的。这表明使土壤pH保持在约7或更高的碳酸盐的发生最有可能是控制黄土环境中层状硅酸盐的风化速率的主要因素。在碳酸盐黄土中，碳酸盐的溶解和浸出优先于硅酸盐的风化作用。假设气候不会改变，碳酸盐的连续浸出很有可能导致层状硅酸盐的强烈风化。

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