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首页> 外文期刊>Catena: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Soil Science Hydrology-Geomorphology Focusing on Geoecology and Landscape Evolution >Historical erosion and sedimentation in two small watersheds of the southern Blue Ridge Mountains, North Carolina, USA
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Historical erosion and sedimentation in two small watersheds of the southern Blue Ridge Mountains, North Carolina, USA

机译：美国北卡罗来纳州蓝岭山脉南部的两个小流域的历史侵蚀和沉积

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Sediment bodies produced during historical periods of human land use, sometimes referred to as legacy sediment, may be found in various locations within drainage basins, and potentially remobilized by hydrogeomorphic processes accompanying land use change. The amounts and locations of stored legacy sediment can be significant factors in modern drainage basin function and should be accounted for when possible. In this study, late nineteenth-century erosion and sediment storage were investigated and used to construct approximate sediment budgets for two small Blue Ridge Mountain drainage basins in North Carolina (USA). Erosion was quantified using a distributed implementation of the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE), and calibrated on the separate bases of soil profile truncation data and recent published rates for long-term erosion in the region. Sediment yield information was reconstructed from pond sediments trapped behind a mill dam. Alluvial sediment storage was quantified using field studies of streambank and floodplain sediment profiles and digital elevation data. Colluvial storage was calculated as a residual in the sediment budget, and further evaluated using soil profile studies of footslope deposits, and soil survey maps. The proportions of erosion accounted for by the different budget terms in the most reliable budget are: 28% sediment yield (i.e., a sediment delivery ratio of 0.28), 69% colluvial storage, and 3% alluvial storage. Blue Ridge basins with low levels of ground disturbance erode like Piedmont basins at high levels of ground disturbance, primarily due to higher slope angles. Sediment delivery ratio is high relative to those given for much larger basins in the adjacent and more frequently studied Piedmont province, and generally in accordance with published sediment delivery curves that reflect higher hydrogeomorphic connectivities within smaller basins. Low values for alluvial storage in Blue Ridge basins may be explained by high sediment transport within steep channels. Colluvial storage values have high uncertainties because of the well known problem of error accumulation in residual budget terms. Field data on colluvial deposits reported here are not sufficient to correct for this problem, and in general, the acquisition of accurate field data on historical colluviation remains an important methodological issue in historical sediment budgeting. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
机译：在人类土地使用的历史时期产生的沉积物，有时也称为遗留沉积物，可能在流域内的各个位置发现，并可能随着土地利用的变化而通过水力地貌过程而迁移。储存的传统沉积物的数量和位置可能是现代流域功能的重要因素，应在可能的情况下加以考虑。在这项研究中，对19世纪晚期的侵蚀和沉积物存储进行了调查，并用于为美国北卡罗来纳州的两个蓝岭山小流域建立近似的沉积物预算。使用通用土壤流失方程（USLE）的分布式实现方式对侵蚀进行了量化，并根据土壤剖面截断数据和该地区近期公布的长期侵蚀速率的单独基准进行了校准。沉积物产量信息是通过碾磨大坝后的池塘沉积物重建的。冲积沉积物的存储通过对河岸和洪泛区沉积物剖面以及数字高程数据的现场研究进行量化。河流储量被计算为沉积物预算中的残差，并使用山麓坡沉积物的土壤剖面研究和土壤调查图进一步评估。在最可靠的预算中，按不同预算条款计算的侵蚀比例为：沉积物产量为28％（即沉积物输送比为0.28），河床储水量为69％和河床储水量为3％。具有较低地面干扰水平的蓝岭盆地像具有较高地面干扰水平的皮埃蒙特盆地一样受到侵蚀，这主要是由于较高的倾斜角度所致。相对于邻近和较频繁研究的皮埃蒙特省较大的盆地，沉积物的沉积率高，并且通常与已公布的沉积物输送曲线相一致，该曲线反映了较小盆地中较高的水文地貌连通性。蓝岭盆地中冲积物的低储量可能是由于陡峭河道内的高沉积物输送所致。由于众所周知的剩余预算术语中的错误累积问题，因此，集体存储值具有较高的不确定性。此处报告的关于沉积物的实地数据不足以解决该问题，并且总的来说，获得有关历史耕作的准确实地数据仍然是历史沉积物预算中的重要方法论问题。 （C）2016 Elsevier B.V.保留所有权利。

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