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首页> 外文期刊>Nursing philosophy: an international journal for healthcare professionals >Nursing and the new biology: towards a realist, anti-reductionist approach to nursing knowledge
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Nursing and the new biology: towards a realist, anti-reductionist approach to nursing knowledge

机译：护理与新生物学：采用现实主义，反还原主义的护理知识方法

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As a system of knowledge, nursing has utilized a range of subjects and reconstituted them to reflect the thinking and practice of health care. Often drawn to a holistic model, nursing finds it difficult to resist the reductionist tendencies in biological and medical thinking. In this paper I will propose a relational approach to knowledge that is able to address this issue. The paper argues that biology is not characterized by one stable theory but is often a contentious topic and employs philosophically diverse models in its scientific research. Biology need not be seen as a reductionist science, but reductionism is nonetheless an important current within biological thinking. These reductionist currents can undermine nursing knowledge in four main ways. Firstly, that the conclusions drawn from reductionism go far beyond their data based on an approach that prioritizes biological explanations and eliminates others. Secondly, that the methods employed by biologists are sometimes weak, and the limitations are insufficiently acknowledged. Thirdly, that the assumptions that drive the research agenda are problematic, and finally that uncritical application of these ideas can be potentially disastrous for nursing practice. These issues are explored through an examination of the problems reductionism poses for the issue of gender, mental health, and altruism. I then propose an approach based on critical realism that adopts an anti-reductionist philosophy that utilizes the conceptual tools of emergence and a relational ontology.
机译：作为一种知识体系，护理利用了一系列学科，并对其进行了重构以反映卫生保健的思想和实践。护理通常被吸引到一个整体模型，发现很难抵制生物学和医学思维中的还原论倾向。在本文中，我将提出一种能够解决该问题的知识关联关系方法。该论文认为，生物学不是以一种稳定的理论为特征，而是经常是一个有争议的话题，并且在其科学研究中采用了哲学上多样化的模型。生物学不必被视为还原论科学，但是还原论仍然是生物学思维中的重要潮流。这些减少主义的潮流可以通过四种主要方式破坏护理知识。首先，从还原论得出的结论远远超出了其数据的基础，而是基于一种优先考虑生物学解释并消除其他解释的方法。其次，生物学家所采用的方法有时较弱，而且局限性尚未得到充分认识。第三，驱动研究议程的假设是有问题的，最后，不加批判地应用这些观点可能对护理实践造成灾难性的影响。通过研究还原论对性别，心理健康和利他主义问题构成的问题，探索了这些问题。然后，我提出一种基于批判现实主义的方法，该方法采用了一种反还原主义哲学，该哲学利用了出现和关系本体的概念工具。

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