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首页> 外文期刊>Cell motility and the cytoskeleton >Recurring views on the structure and function of the cytoskeleton: a 300-year epic.
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Recurring views on the structure and function of the cytoskeleton: a 300-year epic.

机译：关于细胞骨架的结构和功能的重复观点：300年的史诗。

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摘要

Some unnoticed or seldom remembered precedents of current views on biological motion and its structural bases are briefly outlined, followed by a concise recapitulation of how the present theory has been constructed in the last few decades. It is shown that the evolution of the concept of fibers as main constituents of living matter led to hypothesizing microscopic structures closely resembling microtubules in the 18th century. At the beginning of this period, fibers sliding over each other and driven by interposed moving elements were envisioned as the cause of muscle contraction. In the following century, an account of the mechanism of myofibril contraction visualized longitudinal displacements of myosin-containing submicroscopic rodlets. The existence of fibrils in the protoplasm of non-muscle cells, a subject of long debate in the second half of the 19th century, was virtually discarded as irrelevant or fallacious 100 years ago. The issue resurfaced in the early 1930s as a theoretical notion--the cytosquelette--nearly two decades before intracellular filamentous structures were first observed with electron microscopy. The role originally assumed for such fibrils as signal conductors is nowadays being reappraised, although under new interpretations with a much wider significance including modulation of gene expression, morphogenesis, and even consciousness. Since all of the above ancestral conceptions were eventually abandoned, the corresponding current views are, to a certain extent, recurrent. Copyright 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
机译：简要概述了当前关于生物运动及其结构基础的一些未引起注意或鲜为人知的先例，然后简要概述了过去几十年来如何构建本理论。结果表明，纤维作为生命物质的主要成分的概念的演变导致人们推测了与18世纪的微管非常相似的微观结构。在这个时期的开始，人们认为，纤维相互滑动并由插入的运动元件驱动是引起肌肉收缩的原因。在接下来的一个世纪中，对肌原纤维收缩机制的描述使含肌球蛋白的亚显微小棒的纵向位移可视化。非肌肉细胞原生质中原纤维的存在，在19世纪下半叶是一个长期争论的话题，实际上由于100年前无关紧要或谬误而被丢弃。在1930年代初期，这个问题作为一种理论观念重新出现了-细胞形态学-在电子显微镜下首次观察到细胞内丝状结构大约二十年之前。如今，尽管具有新的解释具有更广泛的意义，包括调节基因表达，形态发生，甚至意识，但最初重新假定诸如信号导体之类的原纤维的作用。由于上述所有祖先观念最终都被放弃了，所以相应的当前观点在一定程度上是经常性的。版权所有2000 Wiley-Liss，Inc.

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