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首页> 外文期刊>Laboratory Animal Science >ESTRUS, FERTILITY, EARLY EMBRYO DEVELOPMENT, AND AUTOLOGOUS EMBRYO TRANSFER IN LABORATORY WOODCHUCKS (MARMOTA MONAX)
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ESTRUS, FERTILITY, EARLY EMBRYO DEVELOPMENT, AND AUTOLOGOUS EMBRYO TRANSFER IN LABORATORY WOODCHUCKS (MARMOTA MONAX)

机译：实验室土拨鼠（MARMOTA MONAX）的发情期，受精率，早期胚胎发育和自体胚胎移植

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Reproductive parameters were studied in female laboratory woodchucks over a 6-year period. The pregnancy rate in adult females after ad libitum exposure to a male (n = 643) was 72%; that after limited (4 to 8 h) exposure with video observations (n = 31) was only 37%. However, limited exposure resulted in a 75% ovulation rate, suggesting a problem with fertilization and not ovulation. The ovulation rate was 0% in the absence of mating (n = 10), suggesting that spontaneous ovulation is not the usual situation in this species. With ad libitum mating, fertility was greater (P < 0.05) for 2- to 4-year-old females (73%) than for 1-year-old (56%) or greater than or equal to 5-year old (58%) females. Mean (+/- SEM) litter size at birth was greater (P < 0.05) for 2- to B-year-old animals (4.0 +/- 0.1) than for 1-year-old animals (2.9 +/- 0.2). However, in 1-year-old females the neonatal mortality was low, and the litter size at weaning (2.4 +/- 0.3 pups) did not differ from that of older females (2.7 +/- 0.1 pups). The measurement of vulval diameter every 3 to 4 days in 31 adult females suggested that enlargement to greater than or equal to 7 mm was indicative of proestrus or estrus and was a good indicator of willingness to accept mounting by males. Vulval swelling greater than or equal to 7 mm (n = 31) lasted 5 to 47 days. Fertile mating occurred from 3 to 30 days after vulval diameter reached greater than or equal to 7 mm, near the time of peak enlargement (10.1 +/- 0.2 mm), and was followed in several days by a decrease in vulval size. Fifty-three females were allowed only limited (6 to 10 h) video observed exposure to males, with (n = 26) or without (n = 27) another 12 to 24 h of unobserved exposure, and were examined surgically for ovulation and pregnancy at known times after mating. There were no consistent differences among non-ovulating, ovulating nonfertile, and fertile females in the longest duration of mating (7.2 +/- 0.4 min) or in the number of matings lasting greater than or equal to 1 min (5.7 +/- 0.8). Compared with nonfertile females, fertile females experienced more matings greater than or equal to 3 min in duration (3.3 +/- 0.4 versus 1.8 +/- 0.2) and greater than or equal to 5 min in duration (2.9 +/- 0.4 versus 1.1 +/- 01). At postmating days 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 the embryos were observed to be 1-, 4-, 4- to 32-cell morulae, 16- to 60-cell morulae, free-floating blastocysts, anti-mesometrial peri-implantation blastocysts, and attached blastocysts respectively. Autologous transfer of day-5 uterine embryos of normal appearance into the noncontiguous contralateral uterine horn was performed in five females that had been subjected to a hemi-ovariectomy. Transfers resulted in pregnancy and litters in four of the five females. The results suggest that this large, circannual sciurid rodent can be successfully and predictably bred as a laboratory animal model, has vulval changes indicative of proestrus, is principally an induced ovulator, has an early embryo development rate similar to that of rats and mice, and may be amenable to reproductive technologies developed for more common laboratory rodents.
机译：在6年的女性实验室里，研究了雌性生殖器的生殖参数。随意暴露于男性后的成年女性怀孕率（n = 643）为72％;在有限的时间（4至8小时）中，通过视频观察（n = 31）进行的曝光仅为37％。但是，有限的接触导致排卵率达到75％，这提示受精而不是排卵存在问题。在没有交配的情况下排卵率为0％（n = 10），这表明自发排卵不是该物种的常见情况。随意交配时，2至4岁女性的生育能力（P <0.05）大于1岁女性（56％）或大于或等于5岁女性（58） ％）女性。 2至B岁动物（4.0 +/- 0.1）的出生时平均（+/- SEM）产仔数大于1岁动物（2.9 +/- 0.2）（P <0.05） 。但是，在1岁女性中，新生儿死亡率很低，断奶时的产仔数（2.4 +/- 0.3幼仔）与年龄较大的女性（2.7 +/- 0.1幼仔）没有差异。 31名成年雌性每3至4天测量一次外阴直径，发现增大至大于或等于7 mm表示发情或发情，是男性愿意接受坐骑的良好指标。外阴肿胀大于或等于7毫米（n = 31）持续5至47天。可育交配发生在外阴直径达到或大于7 mm之后的3至30天，接近高峰期（10.1 +/- 0.2 mm），几天后外阴尺寸减小。 53名女性只允许在有限的时间（6到10小时）内观看视频，而男性（n = 26）或没有（n = 27）另外12至24 h未观察到的视频，并通过手术检查了排卵和妊娠的情况。在交配后的已知时间。在排卵时间最长（7.2 +/- 0.4分钟）或持续交配次数大于或等于1分钟（5.7 +/- 0.8）的无排卵，排卵性不育和可育雌性之间没有一致的差异。 ）。与不育女性相比，可育女性的交配持续时间大于或等于3分钟（3.3 +/- 0.4对1.8 +/- 0.2），且持续时间大于或等于5分钟（2.9 +/- 0.4对1.1） +/- 01）。在交配的第1、2、3、4、5、6和7天后，观察到胚胎为1、4、4、4到32个细胞的桑,、 16到60个细胞的桑ula，自由漂浮的胚泡，抗子宫体植入的胚泡和附着的胚泡。在接受半卵巢切除术的五名女性中，将正常外观的第5天子宫胚胎自体转移到不连续的对侧子宫角中。转移导致五名女性中的四名妊娠和产仔。结果表明，这种大型的环状钩状啮齿动物可以作为实验室动物模型成功且可预测地繁殖，具有指示发情的外阴变化，主要是诱导的排卵，具有与大鼠和小鼠相似的早期胚胎发育速率，并且可能适合为更常见的实验室啮齿动物开发的生殖技术。

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