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首页> 外文期刊>Large Animal Review >Vaccination and genetic selection: novel strategies for bovine paratuberculosis control?Original Title Vaccinazione e selezione genetica: nuove strategie di controllo della paratubercolosi nel bovino?
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Vaccination and genetic selection: novel strategies for bovine paratuberculosis control?Original Title Vaccinazione e selezione genetica: nuove strategie di controllo della paratubercolosi nel bovino?

机译：疫苗接种和基因选择：控制牛副结核病的新策略？疫苗接种和基因选择：控制牛副结核病的新策略？

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摘要

Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) infection in ruminants is a significant problem due to the high prevalence of the infection and to recent research data strengthening the link between the pathogen and some human inflammatory bowel disease. Control through hygienemanagement measures and test and culling of positive animals is the approach generally applied with certain success in western countries. Nonetheless, these measures are not systematically applied among territories and standardised protocols are still absent. Therefore, an increase of the prevalence of paratuberculosis have been observed in the recent years, and eradication is a challenge. For these reasons, the identification of new control methods is needed. On the light of recent studies, the application of vaccination plans in dairy cattle is reconsidered, since it provides benefits in terms of milk production, extension of the life of the animals and reduction of environmental contamination. These reflections have a positive impact on the farmers, but interferences with the diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis have been limiting the use of vaccination. A new and promising approach for paratuberculosis control, is based on the recent identification of specific genetic loci associated with susceptibility to the disease. Once determined in larger cohorts of animals, it would be possible to select the animals on the basis of the genetic resistance to the disease. In this article, the implementation of current control programs based on sanitary risks management in the farm with these new approaches is discussed.
机译：鸟分枝杆菌亚种反刍动物中的肺结核（MAP）感染是一个重大问题，这是因为该疾病的流行率很高，并且最近的研究数据加强了病原体与某些人类炎症性肠病之间的联系。通过卫生管理措施以及对阳性动物进行测试和剔除进行控制是在西方国家普遍成功使用的方法。但是，这些措施并未在各个地区之间系统地应用，并且仍缺乏标准化的协议。因此，近年来已经观察到副结核病的患病率增加，而根除是一个挑战。由于这些原因，需要确定新的控制方法。根据最近的研究，重新考虑在奶牛中应用疫苗接种计划，因为它在产奶，延长动物寿命和减少环境污染方面都具有好处。这些反映对农民产生了积极影响，但是对牛结核病诊断的干扰已经限制了疫苗接种的使用。一种新的有希望的控制副结核病的方法，是基于最近鉴定出与该疾病易感性相关的特定遗传基因座。一旦在较大的动物群中确定，就有可能根据对疾病的遗传抗性选择动物。在本文中，将讨论使用这些新方法在农场中实施基于卫生风险管理的当前控制计划的方法。

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