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Desialylation of Surface Receptors as a New Dimension in Cell Signaling

机译:表面受体的去唾液酸化作为细胞信号传递的新维度

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Terminal sialic acid residues are found in abundance in glycan chains of glycoproteins and glycolipids on the surface of all live cells forming an outer layer of the cell originally known as glycocalyx. Their presence affects the molecular properties and structure of glycoconjugates, modifying their function and interactions with other molecules. Consequently, the sialylation state of glycoproteins and glycolipids has been recognized as a critical factor modulating molecular recognitions inside the cell, between the cells, between the cells and the extracellular matrix, and between the cells and certain exogenous pathogens. Until recently sialyltransferases that catalyze transfer of sialic acid residues to the glycan chains in the process of their biosynthesis were thought to be mainly responsible for the creation and maintenance of a temporal and spatial diversity of sialylated moieties. However, the growing evidence suggests that in mammalian cells, at least equally important roles belong to sialidaseseuraminidases, which are located on the cell surface and in intracellular compartments, and may either initiate the catabolism of sialoglycoconjugates or just cleave their sialic acid residues, and thereby contribute to temporal changes in their structure and functions. The current review summarizes emerging data demonstrating that mammalian neuraminidase 1, well known for its lysosomal catabolic function, is also targeted to the cell surface and assumes the previously unrecognized role as a structural and functional modulator of cellular receptors.
机译:在形成最初称为糖萼的细胞外层的所有活细胞表面上,糖蛋白和糖脂的聚糖链中大量存在末端唾液酸残基。它们的存在影响糖缀合物的分子性质和结构,改变其功能和与其他分子的相互作用。因此,糖蛋白和糖脂的唾液酸化状态已被认为是调节细胞内部,细胞之间,细胞与细胞外基质之间以及细胞与某些外源病原体之间分子识别的关键因素。直到最近,在其生物合成过程中催化唾液酸残基向聚糖链转移的唾液酸转移酶被认为主要负责唾液酸化部分的时间和空间多样性的产生和维持。但是,越来越多的证据表明,在哺乳动物细胞中,唾液酸酶/神经氨酸酶至少具有同等重要的作用,它们位于细胞表面和细胞内区室中,并且可能引发唾液酸糖共轭物的分解代谢或只是裂解其唾液酸残基,从而有助于其结构和功能的时间变化。本篇综述总结了新兴数据,这些数据表明以溶酶体分解代谢功能闻名的哺乳动物神经氨酸酶1也靶向细胞表面,并承担了以前无法识别的细胞受体结构和功能调节剂的作用。

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