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首页> 外文期刊>Land Degradation and Development >RESERVOIR SILTATION AND SEDIMENT YIELD LN THE KRUGER NATIONAL PARK, SOUTH AFRICA: A FIRST ASSESSMENT
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RESERVOIR SILTATION AND SEDIMENT YIELD LN THE KRUGER NATIONAL PARK, SOUTH AFRICA: A FIRST ASSESSMENT

机译：南非克鲁格国家公园的储层淤积和沉积物：第一次评估

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Human-induced soil erosion is a widespread phenomenon in South Africa, and soil erosion rates reported are among the highest in the world. In addition to human disturbance, unfavourable environmental conditions are mentioned to explain the situation.But data on 'natural' erosion from undisturbed sites are rare. This paper presents the first assessment of sediment yield as an integrate measure of erosion, deposition and sediment transport from five catchments located entirely within Kruger National Park (KNP). KNP has been spared from agricultural development for a century and represents a near to natural geo-ecosystem in the semi-arid savanna biome. Sediment yield estimates are based on a survey of post-dam deposits in five reservoirs located in the south-eastern part of KNP. Reservoir lifetime ranges from 40 to 60 years and the size of the catchments from 8 to 100 km~2. The results show distinct relations of long-term average sediment yield (SY) and area-specific sediment yield (SSY) with catchment size. Despite the unfavourable semi-arid environmental conditions, SY is comparatively low. SY varies from 130+-45ty~' for the 8km2 catchment to 1130+-230ty~(-1) for the 100km2 catchment. SSY is 55+- 15tknT~(-2)y~(-1) for catchments of 12 +- 3 km~2 and 11 +- 2-41 km~(-2) y~(-1) for the 100 km~2 catchment. The latter finding suggests that decrease of SSY with increasing catchment size is not attributable to human disturbance only. However, further research is necessary to improve and enlarge the database and to verify first results and hypothetical conclusions.
机译：人为引起的水土流失在南非是一种普遍现象，据报道，水土流失率是世界上最高的。除了人为干扰之外，还提到了不利的环境条件来解释这种情况，但是关于不受干扰地点的``自然''侵蚀的数据很少。本文提出了对沉积物产量的首次评估，作为对完全位于克鲁格国家公园（KNP）内五个集水区的侵蚀，沉积和沉积物迁移的综合衡量。 KNP已脱离农业发展了一个世纪，在半干旱热带稀树草原生物群落中代表着接近自然的地球生态系统。沉积物产量估算是基于对KNP东南部五个水库的坝后沉积物的调查得出的。水库寿命为40至60年，流域面积为8至100 km〜2。结果表明，长期平均沉积物产量（SY）和区域特定沉积物产量（SSY）与集水区大小之间存在明显的关系。尽管不利的半干旱环境条件，SY相对较低。 SY从8km2流域的130 + -45ty〜'到100km2流域的1130 + -230ty〜（-1）不等。对于12 +-3 km〜2的集水区和11 +-2-41 km〜（-2）y〜（-1）的集水区，SSY为55 +-15tknT〜（-2）y〜（-1） 〜2流域。后一个发现表明，随着流域面积的增加，SSY的降低不仅归因于人为干扰。但是，需要进一步的研究来改善和扩大数据库，并验证最初的结果和假设结论。

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