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Evolving landscapes in the headwaters area of the Yellow River (China) and their ecological implications

机译：黄河源头地区不断变化的景观及其生态学意义

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摘要

The relationship and feedback between landscape pattern, function and process serve to describe the behavior of a regional landscape. Based on landscape function characteristics such as biological productivity, soil nutrient content, vegetative cover, etc., a quantitative method and digital model for analyzing evolving landscape functionality in the headwaters area of the Yellow River in the People's Republic of China were devised. Through the analysis of three-phase remote sensing data from 1975, 1985 and 1995 and based upon the well-defined characteristics of this region's evolving landscape over the past 30 years, the attendant ecology of the different functional landscape ecotypes was investigated. Between 1975 and 1995 the area of AC&S (alpine cold meadow and steppe) in the source area of the Yellow River has decreased by 27.25%, ACSW (alpine cold swamp meadow) has decreased by 27.04%, ALP (alpine steppe) by 38.18% and lakes by 9.78%. The grass biomass production decreased by 752.37 Gg, of which AC&S meadows accounted for 83.8% of these losses. The overall stock capacity of the headwaters area of the Yellow River decreased by 518.36 thousand sheep units. Soil nutrients showed a similar pattern, soil nutrient loss was greater from 1985-1995 than from 1975-1985. Changes in the overall ecological functionality of the area were not simply a result of a summation of the changes associated with individual evolving landscapes, but rather an integration of positive and negative influences. Landscape evolution occurs in two main directions: degradation and strengthening (expanding and improving). An understanding of the direction, force and integration of parameters influencing landscape evolution as it impacts the attending ecosystems can allow one to foresee how the landscape of the Yellow River source area will evolve in the coming years.
机译：景观格局，功能和过程之间的关系和反馈用于描述区域景观的行为。根据生物生产力，土壤养分含量，植被覆盖度等景观功能特征，设计了一种定量方法和数字模型，用于分析中华人民共和国黄河源头地区景观功能的演变。通过对1975年，1985年和1995年的三相遥感数据进行分析，并根据该地区过去30年来不断变化的景观特征，研究了不同功能性景观生态类型的伴随生态。在1975年至1995年之间，黄河源区的AC＆S（高山冷草甸和草原）面积减少了27.25％，ACSW（高山冷沼泽草甸）的面积减少了27.04％，ALP（高山草原）的面积减少了38.18％和湖泊减少了9.78％。草地生物量产量减少了752.37 Gg，其中AC＆S草地占这些损失的83.8％。黄河源头地区的总蓄水量减少了518.36万只羊。土壤养分表现出相似的模式，1985-1995年土壤养分流失比1975-1985年更大。该地区整体生态功能的变化不仅是与各个不断发展的景观相关的变化的总和，而且是正面和负面影响的整合。景观演变发生在两个主要方向：退化和加强（扩大和改善）。对影响景观演变的参数，方向和作用力及其对相关生态系统的影响的理解，可以使人们预见黄河源区的景观在未来几年将如何演变。

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