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Characterizing historical and modern fire regimes in Michigan (USA): A landscape ecosystem approach

机译：表征密歇根州（美国）的历史和现代火灾状况：景观生态系统方法

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We studied the relationships of landscape ecosystems to historical and contemporary fire regimes across 4.3 million hectares in northern lower Michigan (USA). Changes in fire regimes were documented by comparing historical fire rotations in different landscape ecosystems to those occurring between 1985 and 2000. Previously published data and a synthesis of the literature were used to identify six forest-replacement fire regime categories with fire rotations ranging from very short (< 100 years) to very long (> 1,000 years). We derived spatially-explicit estimates of the susceptibility of landscape ecosystems to fire disturbance using Landtype Association maps as initial units of investigation. Each Landtype Association polygon was assigned to a fire regime category based on associations of ecological factors known to influence fire regimes. Spatial statistics were used to interpolate fire points recorded by the General Land Office. Historical fire rotations were determined by calculating the area burned for each category of fire regime and dividing this area by fifteen (years) to estimate area burned per annum. Modern fire rotations were estimated using data on fire location and size obtained from federal and state agencies. Landtype Associations networked into fire regime categories exhibited differences in both historical and modern fire rotations. Historical rotations varied by 23-fold across all fire rotation categories, and modern forest fire rotations by 13-fold. Modern fire rotations were an order of magnitude longer than historical rotations. The magnitude of these changes has important implications for forest health and understanding of ecological processes in most of the fire rotation categories that we identified.
机译：我们研究了密歇根州北部（美国）430万公顷土地上景观生态系统与历史和当代火灾状况的关系。通过比较不同景观生态系统中的历史火灾轮作与1985年至2000年之间发生的火灾之间的关系，记录了火灾状况的变化。先前发布的数据和文献综述被用来识别六种森林替代火灾类型，火灾轮换的范围很短。 （<100年）到很长（> 1,000年）。我们使用Landtype Association地图作为调查的初始单位，得出了景观生态系统对火灾干扰的敏感性的空间明晰估计。根据已知会影响火灾状况的生态因素的关联，将每个Landtype Association多边形分配给火灾状况类别。空间统计数据用于插值由国土局记录的火点。通过计算每种火灾情况下的燃烧面积并将该面积除以十五（年）来估算每年的燃烧面积，从而确定历史火灾的轮换时间。使用从联邦和州机构获得的火场位置和大小数据估算了现代火场的旋转情况。网络划分为火灾类别的协会在历史和现代火灾轮换方面均表现出差异。在所有火灾轮换类别中，历史轮换变化了23倍，而现代森林火灾轮换变化了13倍。现代火灾的旋转比历史旋转长一个数量级。这些变化的幅度对于我们确定的大多数火灾轮换类别中的森林健康和对生态过程的理解都具有重要意义。

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