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首页> 外文期刊>Land Use Policy >Comparing conventional and organic agriculture in Karnataka, India: where and when can organic farming be sustainable? (Special Issue: Impact assessment of land use policies and sustainable development in developing countries.)
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Comparing conventional and organic agriculture in Karnataka, India: where and when can organic farming be sustainable? (Special Issue: Impact assessment of land use policies and sustainable development in developing countries.)

机译：比较印度卡纳塔克邦的传统农业和有机农业：有机农业在哪里和何时可以可持续？ （特刊：发展中国家土地使用政策和可持续发展的影响评估。）

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Karnataka is one of the south-western Indian states where agrarian distress as a major problem. Crop yields have been stagnant in the last decade, and coupled with increased input costs, this has led to reduced incomes and debts. There is an urgent need to study options to improve the sustainability of farming systems in Karnataka. One adopted strategy to stabilize agriculture in the state is organic farming, which is less dependent on external inputs. In this paper, we assess the sustainability of conventional and organic farming practices using the model TechnoGIN. TechnoGIN calculates inputs and outputs of farming practices, allowing assessment of its impacts on economic and environmental indicators. Data on inputs and yields have been collected in two districts in 2009 from farms with conventional and organic cultivation at the same time. Additional data were collected from literature and experts. Next, the current situation was assessed and projections were made towards 2015 for two scenarios per village, using either conventional or organic practices. Modeling results show that for the study site situated in a dry region, Chitradurga, profits with organic farming are higher than in conventional farming, except for rotations that include onion. Input costs are lower resulting in lower financial risks with organic farming. Nutrient balances in organic agriculture were however found to be negative for all crop rotations indicating imbalanced supply of nutrients. This suggests it may not be possible to sustain current yields in the long term with current nutrient applications. In the second site situated in a transition zone with intensive cultivation of commercial crops, Mysore, yields and profits are similar in organic farming compared to those under conventional practice, except for commercial crops like cotton and coconut where the profits are lower. The debt risk in case of crop failure appears to be practically similar for both types of farming practices in Mysore. Nutrient balances are generally positive, indicating that NPK supplies are not the main yield limiting factor. It is concluded that organic farming can be a sustainable farming practice in Karnataka depending on regional conditions and the crops cultivated. Policies stimulating organic farming should therefore consider the regional differences and farmer's preferences.
机译：卡纳塔克邦是印度西南部州之一，那里的农业困境是一个主要问题。过去十年来，农作物的产量一直停滞不前，再加上投入成本的增加，导致收入和债务减少。迫切需要研究各种方案，以改善卡纳塔克邦农业系统的可持续性。在该州稳定农业的一项已采用策略是有机农业，这种农业较少依赖外部投入。在本文中，我们使用TechnoGIN模型评估常规和有机耕作方式的可持续性。 TechnoGIN计算耕作方式的投入和产出，从而评估其对经济和环境指标的影响。 2009年，从两个地区同时进行常规和有机种植的农场收集了投入和单产的数据。从文献和专家那里收集了其他数据。接下来，使用传统方法或有机方法对当前状况进行了评估，并预测了到2015年每个村庄的两种情况。建模结果表明，对于位于干旱地区奇特拉杜尔加（Chitradurga）的研究地点，有机耕作的利润高于常规耕作，但包括洋葱的轮作除外。投入成本较低，从而降低了有机农业的财务风险。然而，发现有机农业中所有轮作的养分平衡均为负值，表明营养供应不平衡。这表明利用当前的养分施用可能无法长期维持当前的产量。在位于商业作物精耕细作的过渡带的第二个地点，迈索尔的有机农业的产量和利润与传统耕作相比相似，除了棉花和椰子等商业作物的利润较低。在迈索尔，两种农作方式都可能因农作物歉收而造成的债务风险实际上相似。营养平衡通常为正，表明氮磷钾供应不是主要的产量限制因素。结论是，根据区域条件和所种植的农作物，有机农业可以成为卡纳塔克邦的可持续农业实践。因此，刺激有机农业的政策应考虑地区差异和农民的偏好。

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