Public participation and policy: unpacking connections in one UK local agenda 21

Liz Sharp

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Public participation and policy: unpacking connections in one UK local agenda 21

机译：公众参与和政策：在一个英国地方议程中建立联系21

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Within Western cultures, the term 'public participation' has strong positive connotations, and is associated with the promotion of democracy. The contention of this paper is that these invocations of democracy-although not entirely inaccurate-obscure the varied and tangible effects of public participation on wider policy processes. This paper argues that participation should not be analysed in terms of the type of democracy it invokes, but rather in terms of the extent and nature of its influence on the policy process. In particular, the policy process is examined for conflict between participants over (1) the extent of participation, (2) the nature of participation and (3) the influence of the participation, as well as (4) the outcomes to which it leads. This approach to the analysis of participation is demonstrated through a study of one element of participation in a local authority's Local Agenda 21 process. The paper concludes that participation is inherently political and practitioners need to act strategically to manage participation in support of progressive agendas.

机译：在西方文化中，“公众参与”一词具有很强的积极内涵，并与促进民主有关。本文的论点是，尽管并非完全不准确，但对民主的这些诉求掩盖了公众参与对更广泛的政策进程的各种实际影响。本文认为，参与不应该根据其所调用的民主类型来分析，而应该根据其对政策过程的影响程度和性质来进行分析。特别是，要检查政策过程中参与者之间是否存在以下冲突：（1）参与程度;（2）参与的性质;（3）参与的影响;以及（4）导致的结果。通过研究地方当局的《 21世纪议程》进程中的一个参与要素，证明了这种参与分析的方法。本文的结论是，参与本质上是政治性的，从业者需要采取战略行动来管理参与以支持进步议程。

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《Local environment》 |2002年第1期|共16页
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Liz Sharp;
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1. Public participation and policy: unpacking connections in one UK local agenda 21 [J] . Liz Sharp Local environment . 2002,第1期

机译：公众参与和政策：在一个英国地方议程中建立联系21
2. The early experiences of local climate change adaptation in Norwegian compared with that of local environmental policy, Local Agenda 21 and local climate change mitigation [J] . Carlo Aalla* Local Environment: The International Journal of Justice and Sustainability . 2012,第6a7期

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3. The early experiences of local climate change adaptation in Norwegian compared with that of local environmental policy, Local Agenda 21 and local climate change mitigation [J] . Carlo Aall Local environment . 2012,第6a7期

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4. Understanding the city: Local Agendas 21, Territorial Audits and Urban Policies. Instruments and technologies applied in the AL21 of the city of Cuenca, Spain [C] . Teresa Franchini, Maria Jose Lozano de San Cleto, Maria Asuncion Martin Lou International Conference on Urban Planning, Regional Development and Information Society . 2010

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5. The agenda-setting effects of new media on the policy agenda: A quantitative content analysis of the blogosphere agenda, online elite media agenda, specialized public opinion agenda, interest group agenda, and the policy agenda. [D] . Baker, Lauri M. 2011

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6. Public Participation in the Process of Local Public Health Policy Using Policy Network Analysis [O] . Yukyung Park, Chang-yup Kim, Myoung Soon You, 2014

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7. Public participation and policy: unpacking connections in one British LA21 [O] . Sharp Liz 2002

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Public participation and policy: unpacking connections in one UK local agenda 21

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