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Wildlife Conservation through People-Centred Approaches to Natural Resource Management Programmes and the Control of Wildlife Exploitation

机译：通过以人为中心的自然资源管理计划和野生生物开发控制来保护野生生物

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While the Convention on Biological Diversity (1992) introduced a new and progressive outlook on conservation, the South African government has failed to produce a comprehensive legal body of legislation to give effect to its varied obligations. Inconsistency and incompleteness of regulations governing wildlife conservation in conjunction with the failure to implement objectives to conserve, wildlife through restricted exploitation with the political, social and economic motives of community conservation must be seen as major contributions to failed conservation goals. This paper analyses post-apartheid conservation laws and policies and argues that current plans for people-centred approaches to natural resource management programmes have been unsuccessful in operationalizing policy goals of biodiversity conservation and sustainable development into transparent plans for implementation. In fact, legal instruments and implementation plans seem to focus on the benefit-sharing components of community participation and therefore fail to address important issues of resource exploitation. It is suggested that where communities are expected to take part in the management of wildlife resources, the responsibility for sustainable wildlife management must be linked to the benefit-sharing instruments of the programmes. However, these would not deal with 'outsiders' like poachers and poaching driven by commercial interests. The paper proposes a model that allows communities to take control over wildlife resources. We would like to see South African National Parks promote and build viable partnerships with communities living adjacent to protected areas. The dual objective of such a partnership must be to achieve improved economic conditions for neighbouring communities and to encourage among them a culture of conservation.
机译：尽管《生物多样性公约》（1992年）提出了一种新的，渐进的保护观，但南非政府未能制定出全面的法律法规来履行其各种义务。必须将野生动植物保护法规的不一致和不完整以及未能实现保护目标的做法，通过限制开发以及社区保护的政治，社会和经济动机限制野生生物的野生动植物，视为对失败的保护目标的重要贡献。本文分析了种族隔离后的保护法律和政策，并指出，当前以人为本的自然资源管理计划的计划未能成功地将生物多样性保护和可持续发展的政策目标实施为透明的实施计划。实际上，法律文书和执行计划似乎侧重于社区参与的利益分享部分，因此未能解决资源开发的重要问题。建议在需要社区参与野生动植物资源管理的地方，可持续野生动植物管理的责任必须与方案的利益分享工具联系起来。但是，这些不会处理像偷猎者这样的“局外人”，以及由商业利益驱动的偷猎。本文提出了一个模型，该模型允许社区控制野生动植物资源。我们希望看到南非国家公园与居住在保护区附近的社区促进并建立可行的伙伴关系。这种伙伴关系的双重目标必须是改善邻近社区的经济条件，并在其中鼓励养护文化。

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