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首页> 外文期刊>Landslides >Catastrophic debris flows triggered by a 4 July 2013 rainfall in Shimian, SW China: formation mechanism, disaster characteristics and the lessons learned
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Catastrophic debris flows triggered by a 4 July 2013 rainfall in Shimian, SW China: formation mechanism, disaster characteristics and the lessons learned

机译：2013年7月4日中国西南部石棉县降雨引发的灾难性泥石流：形成机理，灾害特征和经验教训

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On 4 July 2013, three catastrophic debris flows occurred in the Hougou, Majingzi, and Xiongjia gullies in Shimian county and produced debris dams and river blockages, resulting in serious casualties and huge economic loss. Though debris flows have been identified prior to the catastrophic events, their magnitudes and destructive power were far beyond early recognition and hazard assessment. Our primary objective for this study was to explore the formation mechanism and typical characteristics and to summarize the lessons learned from these disastrous events in order to avoid the repeat of such disasters in the future. Based on field investigation and imagery interpretation of remote sensing carried out following the catastrophic events, four conclusions were drawn: (1) The catastrophic debris flows were initiated from surface-water runoff, and the triggering factor was attributed to the local intensive rainfall with an hourly intensity of more than 46.7mm. (2) Entrainment was the most important sedimentsupplying method for the debris flow occurrence, and the source materials transported by debris flows from the three gullies were estimated to be about 97×104m3 in volume altogether. (3) As surface-water runoff eroded and entrained hillslope and channel materials persistently, debris flows were characterized by intensive incision at upper or middle reaches and significant magnification effect in flow discharge and volume downstream. Corresponding peak discharge surveyed at the outlets of the Hougou, Majingzi, and Xiongjia gullies was estimated up to 751.0m3/s, 870.1m3/s, and 758.7m3/s, respectively. (4) Debris flows that occurred from the three gullies all belonged to viscous ones and the bulk densities were calculated more than 1.80g/cm3, indicating a huge carrying capacity and destructive impacting power. In addition, the lessons learned from the catastrophic events were summarized, including recognition and assessment on debris flow hazard and utilization of deposition fan. In this paper, prevention suggestions on debris flow prone valleys with high-vegetation coverage and low occurrence frequency were also put forward. The results of this study contribute to a better understanding on the initiation mechanism, dynamic characteristics, and disaster mitigation of debris flows initiated from intense rainfall and surface-water runoff in mountainous areas.
机译：2013年7月4日，石棉县后沟，马井子和熊家沟发生了三场灾难性泥石流，造成泥石坝和河道阻塞，造成严重的人员伤亡和巨大的经济损失。尽管在灾难性事件发生之前已经确定了泥石流，但其数量和破坏力远远超出了早期识别和危害评估的范围。这项研究的主要目的是探讨形成机理和典型特征，并总结从这些灾难性事件中汲取的教训，以避免将来再次发生此类灾难。根据灾害事件后进行的野外调查和影像解释，得出了四个结论：（1）灾害性泥石流是由地表水径流引起的，其触发因素是由于当地的强降雨造成的。每小时强度超过46.7mm。 （2）夹带是泥石流发生的最重要的沉积物供应方式，来自三个沟渠的泥石流输送的原料总量估计约为97×104m3。 （3）由于地表水径流不断侵蚀和夹带山坡和河道物质，泥石流的特征是在上游或中游密集切开，对流量和下游流量有明显的放大作用。在后沟，马井子和熊家沟出口调查的相应峰值流量分别估计为751.0m3 / s，870.1m3 / s和758.7m3 / s。 （4）三个沟渠产生的泥石流全部属于粘性沟渠，其堆积密度经计算超过1.80g / cm3，表明其巨大的承载能力和破坏力。此外，总结了从灾难性事件中汲取的教训，包括对泥石流危害的认识和评估以及对沉积风扇的利用。提出了植被覆盖度高，发生频率低的泥石流易发区的防治建议。这项研究的结果有助于更好地了解山区的强降雨和地表水径流引发的泥石流的形成机理，动力学特征和减灾。

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