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首页> 外文期刊>Cell and Tissue Research >Segregation of neuronal and neuroendocrine differentiation in the sympathoadrenal lineage
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Segregation of neuronal and neuroendocrine differentiation in the sympathoadrenal lineage

机译：交感肾上腺沿系神经元和神经内分泌分化的分离

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摘要

Neuronal and neuroendocrine cells possess the capacity for Ca2+-regulated discharge of messenger molecules, which they release into synapses or the blood stream, respectively. The neural-crest-derived sympathoadrenal lineage gives rise to the sympathetic neurons of the autonomic nervous system and the neuroendocrine chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla. These cells provide an excellent model system for studying common and distinct developmental mechanisms underlying the acquisition of neuroendocrine and neuronal properties. As catecholaminergic cells, they possess common markers related to noradrenaline synthesis, storage and release, but they also display diverging gene expression patterns and are morphologically and functionally different. The precise mechanisms that underlie the diversification of sympathoadrenal cells into neurons and neuroendocrine cells are not fully understood. However, in the past we could show that the establishment of a chromaffin phenotype does not depend on signals from the adrenal cortex and that chromaffin cells and sympathetic neurons apparently differ from the onset of their catecholaminergic differentiation. Nevertheless, the cues that specifically induce neuroendocrine features remain elusive. The early development of the progenitors of chromaffin cells and sympathetic neurons depends on a common set of transcription factors with overlapping but distinct influences on their development. In addition to the well-defined role of transcription factors as developmental regulators, our understanding of post-transcriptional gene regulation by microRNAs has substantially increased within the last few decades. This review highlights the major similarities and differences between chromaffin cells and sympathetic neurons, summarizes our current knowledge of the roles of selected transcription factors, microRNAs and environmental signals for the neuroendocrine differentiation of sympathoadrenal cells, and draws comparisons with the development of other endocrine and neuronal cells.
机译：神经元和神经内分泌细胞具有使Ca2 +调节的信使分子放电的能力，它们分别释放到突触或血流中。神经-衍生的交感肾上腺谱系产生了自主神经系统的交感神经元和肾上腺髓质的神经内分泌嗜铬细胞。这些细胞为研究神经内分泌和神经元特性获得的共同和不同的发育机制提供了一个极好的模型系统。作为儿茶酚胺能细胞，它们具有与去甲肾上腺素的合成，储存和释放相关的通用标记，但它们也显示出不同的基因表达模式，并且在形态和功能上也不同。交感肾上腺细胞多样化成神经元和神经内分泌细胞的确切机制尚不完全清楚。但是，过去我们可以证明，嗜铬细胞表型的建立并不依赖于肾上腺皮质的信号，嗜铬细胞和交感神经元显然不同于儿茶酚胺能分化的发作。然而，特异性诱导神经内分泌功能的线索仍然难以捉摸。嗜铬细胞和交感神经元祖细胞的早期发育取决于一组共同的转录因子，但对它们的发育有重叠但明显的影响。除了转录因子作为发育调节因子的明确作用外，在过去的几十年中，我们对microRNA转录后基因调控的认识也大大提高。这篇综述突出了嗜铬细胞与交感神经元之间的主要异同，总结了我们目前对所选转录因子，微小RNA和环境信号在交感肾上腺细胞神经内分泌分化中的作用的认识，并与其他内分泌和神经元的发展进行了比较细胞。

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